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Taxon:  Malus domestica Borkh.



Summary
Genus:
Malus
Section:
Malus
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
Tribe:
Maleae
Subtribe:
Malinae
Nomen number:
104681
Place of publication:
Theor. prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2:1272. 1803, nom. cons. prop.
Comment:
  • [a pending conservation proposal, if adopted, will preserve its current usage]
  • fide Telopea 9:427. 2001 an illegitimate, superfluous name (Melbourne ICN Art. 52) for M. communis Desf. (1798), i.e. based on the same type (that of Pyrus malus L.)
  • proposed for conservation (nom. cons. prop. against the homotypic and heterotypic synonyms (Melbourne ICN Art. 14) M. communis, M. pumila, and three other names
Verified:
06/21/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Malus malus (L.) Britton, nom. inval.
Malus pumila Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) C. K. Schneid.
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.
Pyrus malus L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Malus pumila auct.
Malus sylvestris auct.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/cultural/Malus_domestica_K/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Applequist, W. L. 2014. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 66. Taxon 63:1359. Note: proposal not recommended
  4. Batra, L. R. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature. 1995 Note: = M. pumila var. dulcissima
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959- Note: = M. pumila Mill.
  6. Cornille, A. et al. 2012. New insight into the history of domesticated apple: secondary contribution of the European wild apple to the genome of cultivated varieties. PLoS Genet. 8(5): e1002703. (DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002703) Note: supports independent status from other apple species
  7. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  8. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
  9. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  10. Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002
  11. Facciola, S. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990 Note: = M. pumila Mill.
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Malus+domestica&quantity=1
  13. Gilbert, L. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  14. Gross, B. L. et al. 2012. Identification of interspecific hybrids among domesticated apple and its wild relatives. Tree Genet. Genomes DOI: 10.1007/s11295-012-0509-4 Note: supports independent status from other apple species
  15. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  16. Harris, S. A. et al. 2002. Genetic clues to the origin of the apple. Trends Genet. 18:426-430.
  17. Hokanson, S. C. et al. 2001. Microsatellite (SSR) variation in a collection of Malus (apple) species and hybrids. Euphytica 118:281-294. Note: = Malus × domestica
  18. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 Note: = M. sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.
  19. Joseph, R. 2009. Rosh Hashanah: it's crunch time for apples.
  20. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994 Note: lists as M. domestica (Borkh.) Borkh. (= M. pumila Mill.)
  21. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  22. Korban, S. S. & R. M. Skirvan. 1984. Nomenclature of the cultivated apple. HortScience 19:177-180. Note: = M. ×domestica Borkh.
  23. León, B. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. Spanish common names
  24. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976 Note: = M. pumila Mill.
  25. Likhonos, F. D. 1974. A survey of the species in the genus Malus Mill.. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 52(3):29.
  26. Mabberley, D. J. et al. 2001. The name of the apple. Telopea 9:427. Note: indicates this to be a nom. superfl., as the earlier M. communis Desf. (1798), based on the same type (that of Pyrus malus L.), should have been adopted
  27. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  28. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  29. Ponomarenko, V. V. 1980. The present status of the problem of origin of Malus domestica Borkh.. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 67(1):11-21. Note: originated from M. sieversii in Central Asia
  30. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  31. Qian, G.-Z. et al. 2010. (1933) Proposal to conserve the name Malus domestica against M. pumila, M. communis, M. frutescens, and Pyrus dioica (Rosaceae). Taxon 59:650-652. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
  32. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  33. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  34. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
  35. Robinson, J. P. et al. 2001. Taxonomy of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) with emphasis on the cultivated apple, Malus domestica Borkh.. Pl. Syst. Evol. 226:35-58. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
  36. Steyermark, J. A. Flora of Missouri. 1977 Note: = Pyrus malus
  37. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  38. Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 2:200. http://proseanet.org
  39. Walters, S. M. et al., eds. European garden flora. 1986- Note: = M. sylvestris subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Mansf.
  40. Zhou, Z.-Q. 1999. The apple genetic resources in China: the wild species and their distributions, informative characterists and utilisation. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 46:605. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
Common names
English
apple –
French
pommier commun –
German
Apfel –
Apfelbaum –
Kultur-Apfel –
Japanese Rōmaji
ringo –
Portuguese
macieira –
Spanish
manzana –
manzano –
Swedish
äpple –
Transcribed Chinese
ping guo –
Transcribed Korean
sagwanamu –
Transliterated Russian
jabloko –
jablonja –
Distribution
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized (sometimes natzd.)
Economic Uses
Fuels
Human food
beverage base (fide Food Feed Crops US) –
Medicines
folklore (fide L. Gilbert, pers. comm. 1998; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Social
religious/secular (eaten during some Jewish holidays fide R. Joseph 2009) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury, as Malus sylvestris) –


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