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Taxon:  Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea



Summary
Genus:
Olea
Subgenus:
Olea
Section:
Olea
Family:
Oleaceae
Tribe:
Oleeae
Nomen number:
400800
Verified:
01/29/2004 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Olea europaea L. (187 active accession[s])
Olea europaea L. subsp. cerasiformis G. Kunkel & Sunding (0 active accession[s])
Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif. (0 active accession[s])
Olea europaea L. subsp. guanchica P. Vargas et al. (0 active accession[s])
Olea europaea L. subsp. laperrinei (Batt. & Trab.) Cif. (0 active accession[s])
Olea europaea L. subsp. maroccana (Greuter & Burdet) P. Vargas et al. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Olea europaea L. subsp. oleaster (Hoffmanns. & Link) Negodi
Olea oleaster Hoffmanns. & Link
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Besnard, G. et al. 2007. On the origin of the invasive olives (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae). Heredity 99:608-619.
  2. Besnard, G. et al. 2009. Plastid and nuclear DNA polymorphism reveals historical processes of isolation and reticulation in the olive tree complex (Olea europaea). J. Biogeogr. 34:736-752.
  3. Boutelje, J. B. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature. 1980
  4. Breton, C. et al. 2009. The origins and domestication of the olive tree. Compt. Rend. Biol. 332:1059-1064. Note: recognizes two varieties: europaea and sylvestris, the former cultivated, the latter "oleaster" wild
  5. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  6. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002 Note: as Olea europaea
  7. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
  8. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  9. Green, P. S. 2002. A revision of Olea L.. Kew Bull. 57:94-95. Note: recognizes 2 varieties, 1 cultivated & 1 feral
  10. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  11. Hannachi, H. et al. 2009. Oleaster (var. sylvestris) and subsp. cuspidata are suitable genetic resources for improvement of the olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea). Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 56:393-403. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  12. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  13. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  14. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: as Olea europaea
  15. Meikle, R. D. Flora of Cyprus. 1977-1985
  16. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  17. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  18. Rehm, S. & G. Espig. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991
  19. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  20. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
  21. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  22. Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource). http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/query2.cfm
  23. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  24. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
  25. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
olive –
French
olivier –
German
Ölbaum –
Olive –
Olivenbaum –
Italian
olivo –
Portuguese
oliveira –
Spanish
aceituno –
olivo –
Transcribed Chinese
mu xi lian –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    widely cult.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaSouth Australia 
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, ******, Jordan, Turkey
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily)
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Naturalized
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [South Australia]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
preservative (fide PROTA4U) –
Fuels
fuelwood (fide PROTA4U) –
Human food
fruit (fide CultTropS) –
Materials
lipids (for cosmetics, lubricants, perfumery, soaps fide PROTA4U) –
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2, as O. europaea; Herbs Commerce ed2, as O. europaea) –
Weed
(fide Noxweed Aust) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.