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Taxon:  Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.



Summary
Genus:
Brassica
Family:
Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Brassiceae
Nomen number:
319648
Place of publication:
Syst. Beschr. Kohlart. 49. 1833
Comment:
[or B. rapa Turnip Rape Group]
Verified:
06/04/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Brassica rapa L. (12 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt var. purpuraria (L. H. Bailey) Kitam. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. japonica Shebalina (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. narinosa (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt var. perviridis L. H. Bailey (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. f. annua (Metzg.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. f. biennis (Metzg.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (14 active accession[s])
Brassica rapa L. subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Brassica rapa L. unranked oleifera DC.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica campestris L.
Brassica campestris L. unranked oleifera DC., nom. inval.
Brassica campestris L. subsp. campestris
Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham
Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris Janch., nom. nud.
Brassica rapa L. var. sylvestris Purchas & Ley
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
  2. Cheng, B. F. et al. 2001. Low glucosinolate Brassica juncea breeding line revealed to be nullisomic. Genome 44:738.
  3. Chrungu, B. et al. 1999. Production and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Brassica maurorum and crop brassicas. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:608-613. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  4. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  5. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  6. Garg, H. et al. 2007. Hybridizing Brassica rapa with wild crucifers Diplotaxis erucoides and Brassica maurorum. Euphytica 156:417-424.
  7. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  8. Hegi, G. et al. 1986. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. ed. 1:1906-1931; ed. 2:1936-68; ed. 3:1966- 4(1):457. Note: treats under B. rapa var. silvestris (Lam.) Briggs
  9. Mansfeld, R. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. 1959
  10. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  11. McFerson, J. 1994. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  12. Musil, A. F. 1948. Distinguishing species of Brassica by their seeds. Misc. Publ. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 643:1-35.
  13. Olsson, G. 1954. Crosses within the campestris group of the genus Brassica. Hereditas (Beijing) 40:414. Note: = B. campestris subsp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.
  14. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  15. Prakash, S. & K. Hinata. 1980. Taxonomy, cytogenetics and origin of crop brassicas, a review. Opera Bot. 55:12-13. Note: = B. campestris subsp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.
  16. Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 1. Genome evolution of diploid and amphidiploid species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:784-794. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  17. Song, K. et al. 1988. Brassica taxonomy based on nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). 2. Preliminary analysis of subspecies within B. rapa (syn. campestris) and B. oleracea. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76:593-600. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  18. Stace, C. New flora of the British Isles. 1995
  19. Takuno, S. et al. 2010. Assessment of genetic diversity of accessions in Brassicaceae genetic resources by frequency distribution analysis of S haplotypes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 120:1129-1138. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  20. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952- Note: mentions; lists as B. rapa subsp. oleifera DC.
  21. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea, second edition. 1993 Note: mentions; lists as B. rapa subsp. oleifera DC.
  22. University of Idaho. 2010. Brassica breeding and research goals. Note: re. potenital use as fuel
  23. Velasco, L. et al. 1998. Variability for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil in a germplasm collection of the genus Brassica. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 45:371-382. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  24. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249-258. Note: lists in database
  25. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2008. AFLP-based molecular characterization of Brassica rapa and diversity in Canadian spring turnip rape cultivars. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 6:11-21. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PGR#
  26. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- Note: = B. rapa var. oleifera DC.
  27. Young, R. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  28. Zhao, J. et al. 2005. Genetic relationships within Brassica rapa as inferred from AFLP fingerprints. Theor. Appl. Genet. 110:1301-1314. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Common names
English
bird rape –
canola –
colza –
field mustard –
Polish canola –
turnip rape –
wild turnip –
French
navette –
German
Rübsaat –
Rübsen –
Italian
ravizzone –
Japanese Rōmaji
natane –
Portuguese (Brazil)
nabo-selvagem –
nabo-silvestre –
Spanish
nabina –
Swedish
åkerkål –
Transcribed Chinese
yun tai –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    widely cult.
3AdventiveAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
3AdventiveAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
3AdventiveAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
3AdventiveAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
3AdventiveAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
3AdventiveAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
3AdventiveAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
3AdventiveAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
3AdventiveAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGuadeloupe  
3AdventiveSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeEstonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance s.
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
4NaturalizedNorthern America Canada  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHispaniola  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguayAlto Paraguay 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
6Other    widespread weed, probable origin Eurasia
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Adventive
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Pakistan
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • CARIBBEAN: Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique
Naturalized
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s.)
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola
  • MESOAMERICA: Nicaragua
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay [Alto Paraguay], Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
Other (widespread weed, probable origin Eurasia)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Fuels
potential as petroleum substitute/alcohol (fide http://www.ag.uidaho.edu/brassica/area_of_interest.htm,) –
Harmful organism host
crop diseases (fide WorldWeeds 123. 1997, as B. campestris) –
Human food
oil/fat (fide Mansf Ency) –
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2, as Brassica campestris) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide WorldWeeds 117. 1997, as B. campestris) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.