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Taxon:  Paris quadrifolia L.



Summary
Genus:
Paris
Family:
Melanthiaceae
Tribe:
Parideae
Nomen number:
410335
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:367. 1753
Verified:
03/16/1998 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. BernhardSmith, A. Poisonous plants of all countries, 2nd ed. 1923 Note: poisonous
  3. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 Note: poisonous
  4. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  5. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
  6. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  7. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  8. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  9. Moldenke, H. N. Poisonous plants of the world. Pamphlet, 3rd ed. 1951 Note: poisonous
  10. Pammel, L. H. Manual of poisonous plants. 1911 Note: poisonous
  11. Stace, C. New flora of the British Isles. 1995
  12. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  13. Walters, S. M. et al., eds. European garden flora. 1986-
Common names
English
herb-Paris –
Swedish
ormbär –
Distribution
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Ukraine
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica)
Cultivated (also cult.)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide BernhardSmith; Cooper & Johnson ed2; Moldenke; Pammel) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.