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Taxon:  Juniperus communis L.



Summary
Genus:
Juniperus
Family:
Cupressaceae
Nomen number:
20821
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:1040. 1753
Verified:
07/10/2007 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
3 (3  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Juniperus communis L. var. communis (0 active accession[s])
Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh (0 active accession[s])
Juniperus communis L. var. megistocarpa Fernald & H. St. John (0 active accession[s])
Juniperus communis L. var. nipponica (Maxim.) E. H. Wilson (0 active accession[s])
Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Adams, R. P. & R. N. Pandey. 2003. Analysis of Juniperus communis and its varieties based on DNA fingerprinting. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 31:1271-1278.
  2. Adams, R. P. et al. 2002. Systematics of Juniperus from eastern Asia based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 30:231-241.
  3. Adams, R. P. Junipers of the world: the genus Juniperus, ed. 2. 2008
  4. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  5. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
  6. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  7. Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols. 1986-1987
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  9. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
  10. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  12. Farjon, A. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. 2005 265-267.
  13. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- 2:414-415. http://floranorthamerica.org/
  14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Juniperus+communis&quantity=1
  15. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  16. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  17. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees. 1971
  18. IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource). http://www.bioversityinternational.org/databases/new_world_fruits_database/search.html
  19. Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
  20. Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. Atlas florae europaeae. 1972-
  21. Jones, A. L. & H. S. Aldwinckle. 1990. Compendium of apple and pear diseases. The disease compendium series. 1973- 13.
  22. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994 Note: with three varieties
  23. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  24. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 1996
  25. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  26. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  27. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  28. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  29. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  30. Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8:89.
Common names
English
common juniper –
juniper –
malchangel –
French
genévrier –
genièvre commun –
German
gemeine Wacholder –
Heide-Wacholder –
Wacholder –
Italian
ginepro –
ginepro comune –
Portuguese
zimbreiro –
Spanish
enebro –
Swedish
en –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJilin 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXizang 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHokkaido 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan e.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationKamchatka 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationKurile Islands 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationSakhalin 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeEstonia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIceland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNewfoundland 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNova Scotia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaPrince Edward Island 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuebec 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinoisn. & e.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMinnesota 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNorth Dakota 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesSouth Dakotan.w.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesWisconsin 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesIndiana 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesColorado 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesIdaho 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesMontana 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashington 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWyoming 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNew Mexico 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesGeorgian.
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesSouth Carolina 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesArizona 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesNevada 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesUtah 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaNorthwest Territory 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaYukon Territory 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaUnited StatesAlaska 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
2Cultivated    also cult.
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Morocco
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • CHINA: China [Jilin, Xinjiang, Xizang]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan [Hokkaido, Honshu]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (e.), Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Kamchatka, Kurile Islands, Sakhalin]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Nepal, Pakistan
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois (n. & e.), Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota (n.w.), Wisconsin]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Georgia (n.), North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah]
  • SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory], United States [Alaska]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan]
Cultivated (also cult.)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
flavoring (for gin drinks fide Food Feed Crops US; Monog Cupressaceae) –
Harmful organism host
crop diseases (rust diseases fide Disease Comp, Compendium of apple and pear diseases 13. 1990. APS) –
Materials
essential oils (fide HerbSpices) –
Medicines
folklore (fide Ency CNatIn; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.