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Taxon:  Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.



Summary
Genus:
Ipomoea
Subgenus:
Eriospermum
Section:
Erpipomoea
Family:
Convolvulaceae
Tribe:
Ipomoeeae
Nomen number:
20138
Place of publication:
Fl. aegypt.-arab. 44. 1775
Verified:
09/02/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Ipomoea reptans Poir.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Adams, C. Flowering plants of Jamaica. 1972
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Austin, D. F. & Z. Huáman. 1996. A synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas. Taxon 45:5. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax
  4. Austin, D. F. 2007. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica, Convolvulaceae): a food gone wild. Ethnobot. Res. Applic. 5:123-146. http://www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/
  5. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. Flora of Java. 1963-1968
  6. Beetle, A. A. Recommended plant names. Univ. Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. J. 31. 1970
  7. Berhaut, J. Flore illustrée du Senegal. 1971-
  8. Bhandari, M. M. Flora of the Indian desert. 1978
  9. Burkill, H. M. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. 1985-2004
  10. Campbell, F. T., ed. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils. 1995 (unpublished draft)
  11. Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Florida state list aquatic & wetland noxious weeds - from Department of Environmental Protection (on-line resource). http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/prohib.html
  12. Cufodontis, G. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. 1953-1972
  13. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 1980-
  14. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Ipomoea+aquatica&quantity=1
  16. Fosberg, F. R. et al. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. 1979-1982
  17. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 4:1860. http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  18. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  19. Hara, H. Flora of eastern Himalaya. v. 1:1966, v. 2:1971, v. 3:1975
  20. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  21. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  22. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994
  23. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
  24. Lejoly, J. & S. Lisowski. 1992. Les genres Merremia et Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) dans la flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi). Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 37:110.
  25. Li, H. L. et al., eds. Flora of Taiwan. 1975-1979
  26. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  27. Matthew, K. M. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. 1983
  28. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  29. Merxmüller, H., ed. Prodromus einer flora von Sudwestafrika. 1966-1972
  30. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  31. Plant Protection and Quarantine Office. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Federal noxious weed list (on-line resource). http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/permits/noxiousweed_list.html
  32. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  33. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  34. Ross, J. The flora of Natal. 1972
  35. Saldanha, C. J. & D. H. Nicolson. Flora of Hassan district. 1976
  36. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 8:181-184. http://proseanet.org
  37. Smitinand, T. & K. Larsen, eds. Flora of Thailand. 1970-
  38. Staples, G. W. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. English common names
  39. Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. Flora malesiana. 1948-
  40. Steward, A. N. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley. 1958
  41. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  42. USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource). Note: http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/waterspinach.shtml
  43. Walker, E. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. 1976
  44. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  45. Westphal, E. & P. C. M. Jansen, eds. 1989. A selection. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- A:164. http://proseanet.org
  46. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  47. Yunnan Inst. Bot. & Kunming Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci., eds. Flora yunnanica. 1977-
  48. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
Chinese water-spinach –
swamp morning-glory –
water-convolvulus –
water-spinach –
French
liseron d'eau –
patate aquatique –
German
Sumpfkohl –
Wasserspinat –
Indonesian
kangkong –
Japanese Rōmaji
yō-sai –
Malay
kangkung –
Portuguese
cancon –
Spanish
espinaca acuática –
Swedish
sallatsipomea –
Transcribed Chinese
weng cai –
Transcribed Thai
phak bung –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania incl. Pemba, Zanzibar
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaBurundi  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCentral African Republic  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCongo  
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBangladesh  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPapua New Guinea  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territory 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaWestern Australia 
2Cultivated    widely cult. in tropics
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominican Republic  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHaiti  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaSuriname  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania (incl. Pemba, Zanzibar), Uganda
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia]
Cultivated (widely cult. in tropics)
Naturalized
Northern America
  • REGION: United States
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • CARIBBEAN: Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica
  • MESOAMERICA: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Guyana, Suriname
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Peru
Economic Uses
Animal food
Human food
vegetable (widely traded in SE Asia fide Use Pl WT Afr; Invasive Pl Spec) –
Medicines
folklore (fide Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Rep NCEPPC; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.