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Taxon:  Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.



Summary
Genus:
Imperata
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Tribe:
Andropogoneae
Nomen number:
19864
Place of publication:
Ess. Agrostogr. 8, 165, 177, t. 5, fig. 1. 1812 (E. A. Raeuschel, Nomencl. bot. 10. 1797, nom. nud.)
Comment:
  • Raeuschel gives no evidence his I. cylindrica, nom. nud. is based on Lagurus cylindricus L.
  • his adoption of Imperata whose only prior species included L. cylindricus in synonymy isn't enough (Melbourne ICN Art. 41.4)
Verified:
07/15/1999 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Lagurus cylindricus L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Imperata arundinacea Cirillo
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. koenigii (Retz.) Masam. & Yanagita
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. koenigii (Retz.) Perkins
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb.
Imperata koenigii P. Beauv.
Imperata koenigii P. Beauv. var. major Nees
Saccharum koenigii Retz.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Abbiw, D. K. Useful plants of Ghana. 1990 Note: Intermediate Technology Publications & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Bor, N. L. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. 1960 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  4. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  5. Cameron, A. G. et al. 1995. Performance of forages introduced into Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the South-East Asian Forage Seeds Project. Genet. Res. Commun. 21:2.
  6. Chaudhary, S. A. Weeds of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. 1987
  7. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  8. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Australian plant census (APC) (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html
  9. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  10. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  11. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  12. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  13. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Imperata+cylindrica&quantity=1
  14. George, A. S., ed. Flora of Australia. 1980-
  15. Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
  16. Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58. 1990 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  17. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  18. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  19. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
  20. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000) Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  21. Hitchcock, A. S. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. 1950 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  22. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  23. Holttum, R. E. et al. A revised flora of Malaya. 1953-1971 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  24. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  25. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  26. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  27. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  28. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  29. Koyama, T. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions. 1987 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  30. Lazarides, M. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia. 1980 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  31. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  32. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  33. Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 12(1):310. http://proseanet.org
  34. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  35. Price, S. 1957. Cytological studies in Saccharum and allied genera. III. Chromosome numbers in interspecific hybrids. Bot. Gaz. 118:146-159.
  36. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  37. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  38. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
  39. Shukla, U. Grasses of north-eastern India. 1996 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  40. Soerjani, M. et al., eds. 1987. Weeds of rice in Indonesia. 1987 434.
  41. Sreekumar, P. V. & V. J. Nair. Flora of Kerala - grasses. 1991 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  42. 't Mannetje, L. & R. M. Jones, eds. 1992. Forages. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 4:140-142. Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  43. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  44. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  45. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  46. Tzvelev, N. N. Zlaki SSSR. 1976 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.
  47. USDA National Agricultural Library. National Invasive Species Information Center (on-line resource). Note: http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/cogongrass.shtml
  48. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  49. Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  50. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  51. Zon, A. P. M. van der. Graminées du Cameroun. 1992 Note: lists as I. cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
  52. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
  53. Webster's third new international dictionary. 1961
Common names
English
alang-alang –
blady grass –
cogon –
cogongrass –
cotton-wool grass –
imperata –
Japanese blood grass –
kunai grass –
kura-kura –
Arabic
halfa –
shishmallah –
French
impérate –
Japanese Rōmaji
chi-gaya –
fushige-chi-gaya –
Malay
lalang –
Portuguese (Brazil)
caminhadora –
sapé –
Swedish
bomullsgräs –
Transcribed Chinese
bai mao –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaCape Province 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaFree State 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaKwaZulu-Natal 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaTransvaal 
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea-Bissau  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaBurundi  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCentral African Republic  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCongo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaRwanda  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHokkaido 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanKyushu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanRyukyu Islands 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanShikoku 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPapua New Guinea  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNew South Wales 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territory 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueensland 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaSouth Australia 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaTasmania 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaVictoria 
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaWestern Australian.e.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance s. & Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaCabo Verde  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanSeychelles  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPapua New Guinea  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaLord Howe Island 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificGuam  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificNorthern Mariana Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificPalau  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificAmerican Samoa  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificVanuatu  
4NaturalizedSouthern America South America  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanWest Indies  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaCentral America  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Transvaal]
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Rwanda, Zaire
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan [Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Tasmania, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia (n.e.), Northern Territory]
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s. & Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar, Seychelles
Asia-Tropical
  • INDO-CHINA: Thailand
  • MALESIA: Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Lord Howe Island]
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • REGION: United States
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: American Samoa, Vanuatu
Southern America
  • REGION: South America
  • CARIBBEAN: West Indies
  • MESOAMERICA: Central America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia
Economic Uses
Animal food
Environmental
erosion control (fide Pl Res SEAs 4:140-142. 1992) –
Medicines
folklore (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):310. 1999; Herbs Commerce ed2, as I. cylindrica var. major) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Weed CIBA; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.