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Taxon:  Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.



Summary
Genus:
Eleusine
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Chloridoideae
Tribe:
Cynodonteae
Nomen number:
14997
Place of publication:
Fruct. sem. pl. 1:8. 1788
Verified:
11/29/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Cynosurus indicus L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Eleusine japonica Steud.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581. 1996
  2. Adams, C. Flowering plants of Jamaica. 1972
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  4. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  5. Bor, N. L. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. 1960
  6. Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. The weeds of Egypt. 1984
  7. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  8. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
  9. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  10. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. 1982
  11. Davidse, G. et al., eds. Flora mesoamericana. 1994
  12. Dyer, R. A. et al., eds. Flora of southern Africa. 1963-
  13. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  14. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960- http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
  15. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Eleusine+indica&quantity=1
  17. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/
  18. Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. Flora of the Guianas. 1986-
  19. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  20. Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
  21. Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58. 1990 Note: = E. indica subsp. indica
  22. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
  23. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  24. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  25. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  26. Hilu, K. W. & J. M. J. de Wet. 1976. Domestication of Eleusine coracana. Econ. Bot. 30:199-208. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231
  27. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  28. Howard, R. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 1974-1989
  29. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  30. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  31. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  32. Koyama, T. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions. 1987
  33. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  34. Lazarides, M. The tropical grasses of Southeast Asia. 1980
  35. León (J. S. Sauget) & Alain (E. E. Liogier). Flora de Cuba. 1946-1962; suppl. 1969
  36. Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2. 2000
  37. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  38. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-mer. Graminees des paturages et des cultures a Madagascar. 1969
  39. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  40. Proctor, G. R. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI. 1984
  41. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  42. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  43. Releford, J. S. et al. 2009. Flora of Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls, Republic of the Marshalls Islands. Atoll Res. Bull. 572:1-13.
  44. Renvoize, S. A. Gramineas de Bolivia. 1998
  45. Shukla, U. Grasses of north-eastern India. 1996
  46. Smith, A. C. Flora vitiensis nova. 1979-1991
  47. Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. 1995- Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
  48. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  49. Veldkamp, J. F. 1997. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  50. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/eleusine-indica/fichas/pagina1.htm
  51. Wagner, W. L. et al. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. 1990
  52. Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
  53. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
crabgrass –
crowfoot grass –
goose grass –
wire grass –
yard grass –
Arabic
nageil –
French
eleusine des Indes –
eleusine d'Inde –
pied de poule –
Portuguese (Brazil)
capim-da-cidade –
capim-de-burro –
capim-pé-de-galinha –
grama-de-coradouro –
grama-sapo –
Spanish
grama de caballo –
Swedish
gåshirs –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan s.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaEastern Cape 
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaKwaZulu-Natal 
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea-Bissau  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaLiberia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaBurundi  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCongo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaEquatorial Guinea  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaRwanda  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndochina  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalNorth Indian OceanIndiaAndaman and Nicobar 
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanSeychelles  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPapua New Guinea  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeUkraine  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificGuam  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMarshall Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificMicronesia  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificNorthern Mariana Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificNorthwestern PacificPalau  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificCook Islands  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificPitcairn  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificAmerican Samoa  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNauru  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNew Caledonia  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificNiue  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificSamoa  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificTonga  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificWallis and Futuna Islands  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAnguilla  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCayman Islands  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGrenada  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGuadeloupe  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMontserrat  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanNetherlands Antilles  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanPuerto Rico  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Kitts and Nevis  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Lucia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Vincent and Grenadines  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (British)  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (U.S.)  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaBelize  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaHonduras  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaFrench Guiana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaSuriname  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChileEaster Island 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
6Other    exact native range in paleotropics obscure
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan (s.)
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape]
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Yemen
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan, Taiwan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Indochina, Myanmar
  • NORTH INDIAN OCEAN: India [Andaman and Nicobar]
Adventive
Europe
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Belgium
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Norway
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Libya, Morocco
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius, Seychelles
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • WESTERN ASIA: Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Ukraine
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico, United States
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: Cook Islands, Pitcairn, French Polynesia
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: American Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Nauru, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna Islands, Samoa
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • CARIBBEAN: Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.)
  • MESOAMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile [Easter Island], Paraguay, Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Other (exact native range in paleotropics obscure)
Economic Uses
Vertebrate poisons
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Weed CIBA) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.