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Taxon:  Cynara cardunculus L.



Summary
Genus:
Cynara
Family:
Asteraceae (alt. Compositae)
Subfamily:
Carduoideae
Tribe:
Cardueae
Subtribe:
Carduinae
Nomen number:
12839
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:827. 1753
Comment:
[cultivated forms include C. cardunculus Cardoon and Scolymus Groups]
Verified:
01/05/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
2 (2  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus (0 active accession[s])
Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. flavescens Wiklund (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  3. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  4. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  5. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  6. Farnsworth, N. R. & D. D. Soejarto. Global importance of medicinal plants (unpublished draft manuscript rev. 23, 1988)
  7. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  8. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Cynara+cardunculus&quantity=1
  9. Gominho, J. et al. 2001. Cynara cardunculus L. - a new fibre crop for pulp and paper production. Industr. Crops Prod. 13:1-10.
  10. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  11. Hu, S.-Y. Compositae of China. 1970 340.
  12. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  13. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  14. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  15. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  16. Jessop, J. P. & H. R. Toelken, eds. Flora of South Australia, ed. 4. 1986
  17. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  18. Lanteri, S. & E. Portis. 2008. Globe artichoke and cardoon. Handbook of Plant Breeding. Vegetables I. 2008 1:49-74. Note: this review used the names "Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus" to refer to artichoke, and "var. altilis" for cardoon; the latter a name of unresolved nomenclatural status
  19. Lanteri, S. et al. 2011. Morphology and SSR fingerprinting of newly developed Cynara cardunculus genotypes exploitable as ornamentals. Euphytica DOI: 10.1007/s10681-011-0509-8
  20. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  21. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  22. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  23. Meikle, R. D. Flora of Cyprus. 1977-1985
  24. Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. A California flora. 1959
  25. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  26. Pignone, D. & G. Sonnante. 2004. Wild artichokes of south Italy: did the story begin here?. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 51:577-580. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  27. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  28. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994 Note: = C. scolymus
  29. Robba, L. et al. 2005. The monophyly and evolution of Cynara L. (Asteraceae) sensu lato: evidence from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region of nrDNA. Pl. Syst. Evol. 253:53-64. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/606
  30. Rottenberg, A. & D. Zohary. 1996. The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 43:53-58. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  31. Rottenberg, A. et al. 1996. Isozyme relationships between cultivated artichoke and the wild relatives. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 43:59-62. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  32. Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes. 1991- http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/publicaciones/FLOBA.htm
  33. Sonnante, G. et al. 2007. On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 54:483-495. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  34. Sonnante, G. et al. 2007. The domestication of artichoke and cardoon: from Roman times to the genomic age. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 100:1095-1100. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year
  35. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1976. Flora europaea. 1964-1980 4:248.
  36. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/asteraceae/cynara-cardunculus/fichas/pagina1.htm
  37. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  38. Wiklund, A. 1992. The genus Cynara L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 109:113.
  39. Willis, J. H. A handbook to plants in Victoria. 1970-1972
  40. Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74. 1996, 1999
Common names
English
artichoke –
artichoke thistle –
cardoon –
globe artichoke –
Scotch thistle –
Scottish thistle –
Spanish artichoke –
French
artichaut commun –
cardon d'Espagne –
German
Artischocke –
Gemüseartischocke –
Kardone –
Italian
carciofo –
Portuguese
alcachofra –
cardo –
Spanish
alcachofa –
alcaucil –
cardo –
cardo de comer –
Swedish
kardon –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.w.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance s. & Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    widely cult.
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEurope Europe  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoGuanajuato 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoMichoacan 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoQueretaro 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Libya (n.w.), Morocco (n.), Tunisia
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily)
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s. & Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Southern America
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Peru
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Turkey
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • REGION: Europe
Northern America
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Guanajuato, Michoacan, Queretaro]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]
Southern America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador
Economic Uses
Environmental
Human food
beverage base (for making cynar fide Syst Evol Biog Comp 50. 2009, as C. scolymus) –
Materials
potential as fiber (for paper production fide Industr Crops Prod 13:1. 2001) –
Medicines
source of cynarin (fide Import Medicinal Pl; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Econ Pl Aust; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

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