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Taxon:  Calotropis gigantea (L.) W. T. Aiton



Summary
Genus:
Calotropis
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
Tribe:
Asclepiadeae
Subtribe:
Asclepiadinae
Nomen number:
8652
Place of publication:
Hortus kew. ed. 2, 2:78. 1811
Comment:
the generic treatment and the species description in Hortus kewensis is not attributed to "Brown mss." so W. T. Aiton is the author of the name (see Melbourne ICN Art. 46 Ex. 23)
Verified:
07/07/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Asclepias gigantea L.

No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. Flora of Java. 1963-1968
  3. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  4. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1950. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. Delhi. 1948-1976 2:22.
  5. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 1980-
  6. DeFilipps, R. A. Ornamental garden plants of the Guianas. 1992 Note: Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
  7. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  8. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  9. Fosberg, F. R. et al. Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae/ Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. 1979-1982
  10. Funk, V. et al. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584. 2007
  11. George, A. S., ed. Flora of Australia. 1980-
  12. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
  13. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  14. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  15. Hokche, O. et al. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola. 2008
  16. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  17. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  18. Jagtap. A. P. & N. P. Singh. 1999. Asclepiadaceae. Fascicles of flora of India. 1978- 24:9-11.
  19. Krings, A. et al. 2005. New and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba: Calotropis gigantea and Gonolobus stephanotrichus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Willdenowia 35:315-318. http://www.bgbm.org/bgbmpress/willdenowia.htm
  20. Kunkel, G. Plants for human consumption. 1984
  21. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  22. Mabberley, D. J. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2. 1997
  23. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  24. Missouri Botanical Garden. Flora of China Checklist (on-line resource). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/TROPICOS/china/welcome.html
  25. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  26. Rahman, M. A. & C. C. Wilcock. 1991. A taxonomic revision of Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 11:301-308. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291756-1051/issues
  27. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  28. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  29. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  30. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
bowstring-hemp –
crownflower –
crownplant –
giant milkwood –
giant-milkweed –
French
arbre à soie –
mercure végétal –
mudar –
German
Mudarpflanze –
India (Hindi)
madar –
Spanish
lechoso –
Swedish
kronbuske –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHainan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanSeychelles  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPapua New Guinea  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaNorthern Territoryn.
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaQueenslandn.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench PolynesiaTuamotu Archipelago 
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
4NaturalizedPacificSouthwestern PacificSamoa  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanTrinidad and Tobago  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaSuriname  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Gabon, Zaire
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius, Seychelles
Asia-Tropical
  • MALESIA: Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland (n.), Northern Territory (n.)]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia [Tuamotu Archipelago]
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Samoa
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
flavoring (inner part of flowers fide L Edible Pl) –
Materials
fiber (source of wara or yercum fide Pl Book) –
Medicines
folklore (fide F ChinaEng; Wealth India RM ed2; Ayurveda Ency; Healing Pl India; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Wealth India RM 2:22. 1950) –


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