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Taxon:  Borago officinalis L.



Summary
Genus:
Borago
Family:
Boraginaceae
Subfamily:
Boraginoideae
Nomen number:
7422
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:137. 1753
Verified:
03/31/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98. 2012
  2. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Borago_officinalis/
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  4. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
  5. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  6. Bennett, M. Pulmonarias and the Borage family. 2003 83-84.
  7. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
  8. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  9. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  10. Duke, J. A. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 1985
  11. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  12. Eriksson, O. et al. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2. 1979
  13. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Borago+officinalis&quantity=1
  15. Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. Flora de Veracruz. 1978- http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/publicaciones/flover.htm
  16. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 1963
  17. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  18. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  19. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
  20. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  21. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  22. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  23. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  24. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  25. Kartesz, J. T. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2011 http://www.bonap.org/MapSwitchboard.html
  26. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  27. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  28. Lems, K. Floristic botany of the Canary islands. 1960
  29. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 1996
  30. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  31. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  32. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  33. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
  34. Ortega-Sada, J. L. Flora de interes apicola y polinizacion de cultivos. 1987
  35. Press, J. R. & M. J. Short, eds. Flora of Madeira. 1994
  36. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  37. Riedl, H. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  38. Silva, L. et al. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005 http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
  39. St. John, H. List and summary of the flowering plants in the Hawaiian islands. 1973
  40. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
  41. Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3). 2001
  42. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
Common names
English
beebread –
beeplant –
borage –
starflower –
talewort –
French
bourrache –
German
Borretsch –
einjähriger Borretsch –
Gurkenkraut –
Italian
boragine –
borandella –
Portuguese
boragem –
Spanish
borraja –
Swedish
gurkört –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeEstonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeUkraineKrym 
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNova Scotia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuebec 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinois 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIowa 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMinnesota 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNorth Dakota 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesWisconsin 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Jersey 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesMontana 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashington 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaryland 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesTennessee 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesUtah 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHispaniola  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanPuerto Rico  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily)
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Estonia, Ukraine [Krym]
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom, Norway
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Romania
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Quebec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Montana, Oregon, Washington]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California, Utah]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Cuba, Puerto Rico
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
Economic Uses
Bee plants
Environmental
ornamental (fide Dict Gard; Hortus 3; Pulmonaria 84.) –
Food additives
flavoring (fide Ency CNatIn; Food Feed Crops US) –
Human food
potential as oil/fat (fide Mansf Ency) –
Medicines
folklore (fide Ency CNatIn; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Pulmonaria 83.) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (contain carcinogens fide H. Riedl, pers. comm. 1996) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.