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Taxon:  Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench



Summary
Genus:
Abelmoschus
Family:
Malvaceae
Subfamily:
Malvoideae
Tribe:
Hibisceae
Nomen number:
619
Place of publication:
Methodus 617. 1794
Verified:
07/26/1995 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
7 (7  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Hibiscus esculentus L.

No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Bates, D. M. 1968. Notes on the cultivated Malvaceae 2. Abelmoschus. Baileya 16:110-112.
  3. Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement. 2005- 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
  4. Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:100-101. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  6. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 1980-
  7. Demilly, D. et al. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7. 2001 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  9. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  10. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Abelmoschus+esculentus&quantity=1&quantity=1
  12. Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. Edible Horticultural Crops. 1982 Note: Academic Press
  13. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  14. Hermann, M. 1997. Arracacha. Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. In: Hermann, M. & J. Heller (eds.), Andean roots and tubers: Ahipa, arracacha, maca and yacon. 87.
  15. Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:352. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  16. Humbert, J.-H., ed. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 1936-
  17. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  18. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  19. Mabberley, D. J. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2. 1997
  20. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  21. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  22. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  23. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 8:57. http://proseanet.org
  24. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  25. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
gumbo –
lady's-fingers –
okra –
French
gombo –
okra –
German
eßbarer Bisameibisch –
Ocker –
Indonesian
kopi arab –
Italian
gombo –
ocra –
Malay
kacang bendi –
Portuguese (Brazil)
quiabo –
Spanish
gombo –
Swedish
okra –
Transcribed Chinese
ka fei huang kui –
Transliterated Russian
bamiâ –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    widely cult. in tropic & warm-temperate regions
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaCabo Verde  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon  
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
2CultivatedAfricaWestern Indian OceanComoros  
2CultivatedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaKuwait  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaQatar  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBangladesh  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
2CultivatedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaBelize  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaGuatemala  
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand
  • MALESIA: Malaysia, Philippines
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Greece
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico, United States
Pacific
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • CARIBBEAN: Barbados
  • MESOAMERICA: Belize, Guatemala
Economic Uses
Human food
Medicines
folklore (fide Herbs Commerce ed2; CRC MedHerbs ed2) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.