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National Genebank of Tunisia
Version: 2.0.3.3
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Taxon:
Viola odorata
L.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Viola
Family:
Violaceae
Subfamily:
Violoideae
Tribe:
Violeae
Nomen number:
41733
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:934. 1753
Typification:
View in Linnean Typification Project
Verified:
02/13/2003
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Viola wiedemannii
Boiss.
No images
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson.
Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009
Note:
based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
http://www.skud.info
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds.
Flora of Libya. 1976-
Backer, C. A. & R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr.
Flora of Java. 1963-1968
Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi.
Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
Castroviejo, S. et al., eds.
Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares. 1989-
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
Correa, M. N.
Flora patagonica. 1969-
Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds.
Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols. 1986-1987
Czerepanov, S. K.
Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). 1995
Note:
Cambridge University Press
Davis, P. H., ed.
Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
Demilly, D. et al.
Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7. 2001
Note:
GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
Duke, J. A. et al.
CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
Encke, F. et al.
Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
Facciola, S.
Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990
Note:
Kampong Publications
Fennane, M. et al., eds.
Flore pratique du Maroc. 1999-
Fernández Casado, A.
1984. Estudios sobre el género
Viola
L. en la península Ibérica I. Cariología. Fontqueria 5:24.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Note:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Viola+odorata&quantity=1
George, A. S., ed.
Flora of Australia. 1980-
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist.
Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. 1991
Hanelt, P., ed.
Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding.
Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
Hickman, J. C., ed.
The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. 1993
Huxley, A., ed.
1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 4:671.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS).
Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
Iwatsuki, K. et al.
Flora of Japan. 1993-
Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds.
Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004
http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds.
Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire.
Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. 1931-1941
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds.
Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
Laasimer, L. et al., eds.
Flora of the Baltic countries; compendium of vascular plants. 1993-
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
Hortus third. 1976
Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles.
Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York. 1999
Marcussen, T. et al.
2001.
Viola hirta
(Violaceae) and its relatives in Norway. Nordic J. Bot. 21:6.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291756-1051/issues
Marcussen, T.
2006. Allozymic variation in the widespread and cultivated
Viola odorata
(Violaceae) in western Eurasia. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 151:563-571.
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada.
Catalogo de la flora vascular de Chile. 1985
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
Note:
American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
Meikle, R. D.
Flora of Cyprus. 1977-1985
Mouterde, P.
Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds.
Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow).
The vascular flora of Ohio. 1967-
Orell, J. & A. M. Romo.
1991. The genus
Viola
in the Balaeric Islands. Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 59:83.
Pajaujis Anonis, D.
Flower oils and floral compounds in perfumery. 1993
Pignatti, S.
Flora d'Italia. 1982
Pittier, H. F. et al.
Catálogo de la flora venezolana. 1945-1947
Pottier-Alapetite, G.
Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones. 1979-1981
Press, J. R. & M. J. Short, eds.
Flora of Madeira. 1994
Quézel, P. & S. Santa.
Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. 1962-1963
Rechinger, K. H., ed.
Flora iranica. 1963-
Russell, N. H.
1965. Violets (
Viola
) of central and eastern United States: An introductory survey. Sida 2:108.
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8113#/summary
Scoggan, H. J.
The flora of Canada, 4 vol. 1978-1979
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds.
Flora of India. 1993-
Silva, L. et al.
Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005
http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
Smith, A. C.
Flora vitiensis nova. 1979-1991
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark.
Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed.
Flora malesiana. 1948-
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest.
Flora of Iraq. 1966-
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
Flora europaea. 1964-1980
Valdés, B. et al., eds.
Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification. 2002
Voss, E.
Michigan flora. 1972-
Welsh, S. L. et al.
A Utah flora. 1993
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds.
Flora of Panama. 1943-1980
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan.
Flora palaestina. 1966-
Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds.
Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74. 1996, 1999
Common names
English
common violet –
Reference(s)
English violet –
Reference(s)
florist's violet –
Reference(s)
garden violet –
Reference(s)
sweet violet –
Reference(s)
French
violette odorante –
Reference(s)
India
banafsha –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
nioi-sumire –
Reference(s)
Swedish
luktviol –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
xiang jin cai –
Reference(s)
Transliterated Russian
fialka –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Africa
Macaronesia
Portugal
Madeira Islands
1
Native
Africa
Macaronesia
Spain
Canary Islands
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Morocco
1
Native
Africa
Northern Africa
Tunisia
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Cyprus
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iran
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Iraq
n.
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Lebanon
1
Native
Asia-Temperate
Western Asia
Turkey
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India
Jammu and Kashmir
1
Native
Europe
East Europe
Belarus
1
Native
Europe
East Europe
Moldova
1
Native
Europe
East Europe
Russian Federation-European part
European part
1
Native
Europe
East Europe
Ukraine
incl. Krym
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Austria
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Belgium
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Czechoslovakia
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Germany
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Hungary
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Netherlands
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Poland
1
Native
Europe
Middle Europe
Switzerland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Ireland
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Norway
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
Sweden
1
Native
Europe
Northern Europe
United Kingdom
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Albania
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Former Yugoslavia
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Greece
incl. Crete
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Italy
incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1
Native
Europe
Southeastern Europe
Romania
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
France
incl. Corsica
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Portugal
1
Native
Europe
Southwestern Europe
Spain
incl. Baleares
2
Cultivated
also cult.
4
Naturalized
also natzd.
Native
Africa
MACARONESIA:
Spain
[Canary Islands],
Portugal
[Madeira Islands]
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria
,
Morocco
,
Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
WESTERN ASIA:
Cyprus
,
Iran
,
Iraq
(n.),
Lebanon
,
Turkey
Asia-Tropical
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India
[Jammu and Kashmir]
Europe
EAST EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part
[European part],
Belarus
,
Moldova
,
Ukraine
(incl. Krym)
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria
,
Belgium
,
Switzerland
,
Czechoslovakia
,
Germany
,
Hungary
,
Netherlands
,
Poland
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark
,
United Kingdom
,
Ireland
,
Norway
,
Sweden
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Former Yugoslavia
,
Albania
,
Bulgaria
,
Greece
(incl. Crete),
Italy
(incl. Sardinia, Sicily),
Romania
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
(incl. Baleares),
France
(incl. Corsica),
Portugal
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
(also natzd.)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
flavoring (fide HerbSpices; Cornucopia) –
Reference(s)
Materials
essential oils (from leaves used in perfumery fide Flower Oils) –
Reference(s)
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Reference(s)
Name
References
Economic Uses