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Taxon:  Verbena officinalis L.



Summary
Genus:
Verbena
Section:
Verbena
Series:
Verbena
Family:
Verbenaceae
Nomen number:
41164
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:20. 1753
Verified:
03/27/2003 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Verbena officinalis L. var. africana (R. Fern. & Verdc.) Munir (0 active accession[s])
Verbena officinalis L. var. eremicola Munir (0 active accession[s])
Verbena officinalis L. var. gaudichaudii Briq. (0 active accession[s])
Verbena officinalis L. var. macrostachya (F. Muell.) Benth. (0 active accession[s])
Verbena officinalis L. var. monticola Munir (0 active accession[s])
Verbena officinalis L. var. officinalis (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Barber, S. C. 1982. Taxonomic studies in the Verbena stricta complex (Verbenaceae). Syst. Bot. 7:454. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
  3. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
  4. Czerepanov, S. K. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). 1995 Note: Cambridge University Press
  5. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  6. Demilly, D. et al. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7. 2001 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  7. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  8. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  9. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Verbena+officinalis&quantity=1
  11. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. 1991
  12. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  13. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  14. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  15. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  16. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  17. Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
  18. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  19. Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. 1931-1941
  20. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994
  21. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  22. Lee, Y. N. Flora of Korea. 1997
  23. Li, H. L. et al., eds. Flora of Taiwan. 1975-1979
  24. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  25. Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York. 1999
  26. Meikle, R. D. Flora of Cyprus. 1977-1985
  27. Moldenke, H. N. 1980. A sixth summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Chloanthaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution and synonymy. Phytologia Mem. 2:68.
  28. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
  29. Munir, A. A. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the genus Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 20:76.
  30. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  31. Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). 1965
  32. Pignatti, S. Flora d'Italia. 1982
  33. Pottier-Alapetite, G. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones. 1979-1981
  34. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. 1962-1963
  35. Radford, A. E. et al. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. 1964
  36. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  37. Silva, L. et al. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005 http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
  38. Strausbaugh, T. D. & E. L. Core. Flora of West Virginia, ed. 2. 1978
  39. Täckholm, V. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2. 1974
  40. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966-
  41. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  42. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  43. Voss, E. Michigan flora. 1972-
  44. Walker, E. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. 1976
  45. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  46. Wunderlin, R. P. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. 1998
  47. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
Common names
English
common verbena –
common vervain –
official vervain –
simpler's-joy –
turkey-grass –
vervain –
wild verbena –
French
verveine officinale –
German
echtes Eisenkraut –
Japanese Rōmaji
kumatsuzura –
Portuguese (Brazil)
erva-de-ferro –
ferraria –
planta-da-sorte –
verbena –
Swedish
järnört –
Transcribed Chinese
ma bian cao –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaAnhui 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaFujian 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGansu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuizhou 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHainan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHubei 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHunan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangsu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangxi 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShaanxi 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShanxi 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXizang 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaZhejiang 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanKyushu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanRyukyu Islands 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanShikoku 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaCambodia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaLaos  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
1NativeAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean parts. & c.
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesOklahomas.w.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Jersey 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSinaloa 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSonora 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoTamaulipas 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashington 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesTexas 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesAlabama 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesArkansas 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesDelaware 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesFloridahttp://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=3665
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesGeorgia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesKentucky 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesLouisiana 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaryland 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMississippi 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesSouth Carolina 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesTennesseehttp://tenn.bio.utk.edu/vascular/database/vascular-database.asp?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Verbenaceae&GenusID=Verbena&SpeciesID=officinalis
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoVeracruz 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesArizona 
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominican Republic  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHaiti  
4Naturalized    widely natzd. elsewhere
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Zaire
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • CHINA: China [Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea, Japan [Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku], Taiwan
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Malaysia
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part (s. & c.)], Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom, Ireland
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Oklahoma (s.w.)]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania]
  • NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Oregon, Washington]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/main.asp?plantID=3665), Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee (http://tenn.bio.utk.edu/vascular/database/vascular-database.asp?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Verbenaceae&GenusID=Verbena&SpeciesID=officinalis), Virginia]
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Veracruz]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti
Naturalized

  • REGION:
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
Economic Uses
Medicines


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.