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Taxon:  Ricinus communis L.



Summary
Genus:
Ricinus
Family:
Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily:
Acalyphoideae
Tribe:
Acalypheae
Subtribe:
Ricininae
Nomen number:
31896
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:1007. 1753
Verified:
05/14/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
12 (12  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/cultural/Ricinus_communis_K/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Balakrishnan, N. P. & T. Chakrabarty. The family Euphorbiaceae in India; a synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography. 2007
  4. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  5. Burkill, H. M. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. 1985-2004
  6. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 Note: poisonous
  7. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  8. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  9. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Ricinus+communis&quantity=1
  10. Govaerts, R. et al. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. 2000 http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
  11. Henderson, L. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. 2001
  12. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  13. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  14. Johnson, J. M.-F. et al. 2007. Biomass-bioenergy crops in the United States: A changing paradigm. Amer. J. Pl. Sci. Biotechnol. 1:8.
  15. Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459. http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/10531
  16. Kellerman, T. S. et al. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. 1988 Note: poisonous
  17. Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964 Note: poisonous
  18. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 1985 Note: poisonous
  19. Lee, Y. N. Flora of Korea. 1997
  20. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 1996
  21. Mabberley, D. J. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2. 1997
  22. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  23. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  24. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:125.
  25. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  26. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  27. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  28. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  29. Saldanha, C. J. & D. H. Nicolson. Flora of Hassan district. 1976
  30. Smith, R. J. Botanical beads of the world (on-line resource). http://www.botanicalbeads.com/
  31. Soukup, J. Vocabulario de los nombres vulgares de la flora peruana. 1970 292.
  32. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  33. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/euphorbiaceae/ricinus-communis/fichas/pagina1.htm
  34. Vossen, H. A. M. van der & B. E. Umali, eds. 2001. Vegetable oils and fats. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 14:115-120. http://proseanet.org
  35. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  36. Westphal, E. & P. C. M. Jansen, eds. 1989. A selection. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- A:237. http://proseanet.org
  37. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  38. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
castor –
castor-bean –
castor-bean-plant –
castor-oil-plant –
palma-christi –
Afrikaans
kasterolieboom –
Arabic
kharwa'a –
French
ricin –
German
Palma Christi –
Rizinus –
Wunderbaum –
Indonesian
jarak –
Italian
ricino –
Portuguese
bafureira –
carrapateiro –
mamoneiro –
rícino –
Spanish
higuerilla –
Swahili
mbarika –
mbono mdogo –
mnyonyo –
Swedish
ricin –
Transcribed Chinese
bi ma –
Transcribed Korean
pimaja –
Transcribed Thai
lahung –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    also cult.
4Naturalized    natzd. throughout tropics & subtropics
6Other    probable origin Africa
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized (natzd. throughout tropics & subtropics)
Other (probable origin Africa)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
flavoring (also for protective coatings of tablets fide Ency CNatIn) –
Fuels
potential as petroleum substitute/alcohol (fide Amer J Pl SciBiotech 1:8. 2007) –
Invertebrate food
silkworms (fide Use Pl WT Afr) –
Materials
beads (fide Bot Beads World; as http://www.botanicalbeads.com/BBB_page_65.html,) –
Medicines
folklore (fide Ency CNatIn; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Biodiv Conserv 13:459. 2004) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.; Lampe & McCann; Cooper & Johnson ed2) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Noxweed Aust; Invasive Pl Spec; Weeds SAfr 2001) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.