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Taxon:  Solanum nigrum L.



Summary
Genus:
Solanum
Subgenus:
Solanum
Section:
Solanum
Family:
Solanaceae
Subfamily:
Solanoideae
Tribe:
Solaneae
Nomen number:
310124
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:186. 1753
Verified:
11/13/2002 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
6 (6  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  3. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  4. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  5. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables. 1974
  6. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 Note: poisonous
  7. D'Arcy, W. G. 1974. Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:855. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/702#/summary
  8. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  9. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  10. Edmonds, J. M. & J. A. Chweya. 1997. Black nightshades. Solanum nigrum L. and related species. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 1996- 15:28. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pubseries.asp?ID_SERIE=37
  11. Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002
  12. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  13. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960- http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
  14. Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. 2008
  15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Solanum+nigrum&quantity=1
  16. George, A. S., ed. Flora of Australia. 1980-
  17. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  18. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  19. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  20. Henderson, R. J. F. 1974. Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and related species in Australia. Contr. Queensland Herb. 16:19-28.
  21. Hickman, J. C., ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. 1993
  22. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  23. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  24. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  25. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  26. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  27. Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
  28. Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc. 1931-1941
  29. Jansky, S. 2000. Breeding for disease resistance in potato. Pl. Breed. Rev. 19:86.
  30. Jones, J. B. et al. 1997. Compendium of tomato diseases. The disease compendium series. 1973- 42.
  31. Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459. http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/10531
  32. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994
  33. Kellerman, T. S. et al. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. 1988 Note: poisonous
  34. Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964 Note: poisonous
  35. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  36. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  37. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
  38. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  39. Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization. 1999 306.
  40. Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 12(1):458. http://proseanet.org
  41. PBI Solanum Project. Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource). http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/solanaceaesource/
  42. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). Note: http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Solanum_eggplants.html
  43. Pottier-Alapetite, G. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones. 1979-1981
  44. Press, J. R. et al. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource). 2000- http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=110
  45. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. 1962-1963
  46. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  47. Schilling, E. E. 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 6:183. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
  48. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
  49. Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:46.
  50. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  51. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  52. Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
Common names
English
black nightshade –
blackberry nightshade –
common nightshade –
poisonberry –
Arabic
'enab el-deeb –
French
morelle noire –
German
schwarzer Nachtschatten –
Portuguese
erva-moura –
Portuguese (Brazil)
pimenta-de-galinha –
Spanish
hierba mora –
Swedish
nattskatta –
Distribution
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • CHINA: China
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation [Altay]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.), Nepal, Pakistan
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal
Naturalized
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Western Cape, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West]
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen
Asia-Tropical
  • MALESIA: Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
  • NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Guam
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia
Southern America
  • MESOAMERICA: Central America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile
Other (exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
Harmful organism host
Human food
fruit (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):458. 1999) –
Medicines
folklore (fide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):458. 1999; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Biodiv Conserv 13:459. 2004) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson ed2; Kingsbury) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.