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Taxon:  Pyrus communis L.



Summary
Genus:
Pyrus
Section:
Pyrus
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
Tribe:
Maleae
Subtribe:
Malinae
Nomen number:
30474
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:479, 2:1200. 1753
Comment:
probably of hybrid origin
Verified:
07/07/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
2 (2  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Pyrus communis L. subsp. caucasica (Fed.) Browicz (0 active accession[s])
Pyrus communis L. subsp. communis (0 active accession[s])
Pyrus communis L. subsp. pyraster (L.) Ehrh. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Pyrus asiae-mediae (Popov) Maleev
Pyrus balansae Decne.
Pyrus bourgaeana Decne.
Pyrus communis L. subsp. bourgaeana (Decne.) Nyman
Pyrus communis L. var. mariana Willk.
Pyrus domestica Medik.
Pyrus elata Rubtzov
Pyrus medvedevii Rubtzov
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/cultural/Pyrus_communis_K/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Boutelje, J. B. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature. 1980
  4. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998
  5. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  6. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  7. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  8. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  9. Fischer, M. 2009. Pear breeding. Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species. 2009 135-160.
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Pyrus+communis&quantity=1
  11. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  12. Kimura, T. et al. 2002. Identification of Asian pear varieties by SSR analysis. Breed. Sci. 52:115-121.
  13. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  14. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  15. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  16. Matthew, K. M. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. 1983
  17. Meikle, R. D. Flora of Cyprus. 1977-1985
  18. Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). 1965
  19. Pan, Z. et al. 2002. Genetic diversity of cultivated resources of pear in North China. Acta Hort. 587:187-194.
  20. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  21. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  22. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
  23. Teng, Y.-W. et al. 2001. Genetic relationships of pear cultivars in Xinjiang, China, as measured by RAPD markers. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 76:771-779.
  24. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966-
  25. Tuz, A. S. 1972. K voprosu klassifikatsii roda Pyrus L. (Up-to-date systematics of the genus Pyrus L.). Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46:82.
  26. Walker, E. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. 1976
  27. Westwood, M. N. & H. O. Bjornstad. 1971. Some fruit characteristics of interspecific hybrids and extent of self-sterility in Pyrus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 98:22-24.
  28. Wolko, L. et al. 2010. Genetic diversity of European pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) and wild pear (Pyrus pyraster (L>) Burgsd.) inferred from microsatellite markers analysis. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57:801-806. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  29. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- Note: = P. communis var. sativa
  30. Zheng, X. et al. 2014. Phylogeny and evolutionary histories of Pyrus L. revealed by phylogenetic trees and networks based on data from multiple DNA sequences. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 80:54-65. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10557903
Common names
English
pear –
French
poirier –
German
Birnbaum –
Birne –
Birnenbaum –
Italian
pera –
pero –
Japanese Rōmaji
seiyō-nashi –
Portuguese
pereira –
Spanish
pera –
peral –
Swedish
päron –
Transcribed Chinese
xi yang li –
Transcribed Korean
byeongbaenamu –
Distribution
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Turkey
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardenia, Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Naturalized (widely natzd.)
Other (probable origin Eurasia)
Economic Uses
Human food
Materials
wood (timber fide Ency WTimber) –
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2) –


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