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Taxon:  Phleum pratense L.



Summary
Genus:
Phleum
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Pooideae
Tribe:
Poeae
Subtribe:
Alopecurinae
Nomen number:
28019
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:59. 1753
Verified:
05/12/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Phleum intermedium Jord.
Phleum parnassicum Boiss., nom. nud.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/cultural/Phleum_pratense_K/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. 1995 Note: CRC Press. Revised version of AH 170
  4. Ashikaga, K. et al. 2012. Evaluating the genotype × nitrogen fertilization interaction on the nutritive value of the first crop in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) clones. Grassland Sci. 58:37-41. http://grass.ac.affrc.go.jp/index-e.html
  5. Bor, N. L. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. 1960
  6. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  7. Demilly, D. et al. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 6. 1996 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  8. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  9. Fedorov, A. A., ed. Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Engl. transl.). 1999-
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Phleum+pratense&quantity=1
  11. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). Note: unknown to the country
  12. Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm.
  13. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
  14. Hanson, C. G. & J. L. Manson. 1985. Bird seed aliens in Britain. Watsonia 15:237-252. http://archive.bsbi.org.uk/index.html
  15. Hitchcock, A. S. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. 1950
  16. Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:367. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  17. Howell, C. J. & J. W. D. Sawyer. New Zealand naturalised vascular plant checklist. 2006 http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Naturalised-list-06-new.pdf
  18. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  19. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 Note: adventive
  20. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  21. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  22. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994 Note: with two subspecies
  23. Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions. 1987 202.
  24. Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. Flora of Siberia (English translation). 2000-
  25. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  26. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:117.
  27. Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). 1965
  28. Randall, R. P. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status. 2007 http://www.weeds.org.au/docs/intro_flora_australia.pdf
  29. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  30. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  31. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
  32. Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:493.
  33. Stewart, A. V. et al. 2009. Genomic and geographic origins of Timothy (Phleum sp.) based on ITS and chloroplast sequences. Molecular breeding of forage and turf. 2009 71-80. Note: this study discussed the origin and distribution of 2x, 4x, 6x and 8x populations recognized in two subspecies
  34. Tanaka, T. et al. 2011. DNA profiling of seed parents and topcross tester and its application for yield improvement in Timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Crop Sci. (Madison) 51:612-620.
  35. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966- Note: mentions
  36. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980 Note: with two subspecies
  37. Tzvelev, N. N. Zlaki SSSR. 1976
  38. Wagner, W. L. et al. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands (on-line resource). http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/query2.cfm
  39. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  40. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
meadow cat's-tail –
timothy –
timothy grass –
French
fléole des près –
German
Timotheegras –
Wiesenlieschgras –
Italian
coda di topo –
fleolo –
Japanese Rōmaji
ō-awagaeri –
Portuguese
capim-timóteo –
rabo-de-gato –
Spanish
cola de topo –
timoti –
Swedish
timotej –
Transcribed Chinese
ti mu cao –
Transcribed Korean
keunjoajaebi –
timosi –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina n.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan s.e.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationAltay 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationBuryatia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationChita 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationGorno-Altay 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationIrkutsks.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationKemerovo 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationKrasnoyarsks.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationKurgan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationNovosibirsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationOmsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTomsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTuva 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTyumens.
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationYakutia-Sakhas.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia n.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan n.
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeEstonia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Canada  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaGreenland  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanWest Indies  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • CHINA: China (n.)
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (s.e.), Kyrgyzstan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Buryatia, Gorno-Altay, Tuva, Yakutia-Sakha (s.), Altay, Krasnoyarsk (s.), Chita, Irkutsk (s.), Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen (s.)]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.), Pakistan (n.)
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Finland
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada
Naturalized
Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
  • SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Greenland
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: West Indies
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Peru
Economic Uses
Animal food
Environmental
erosion control (fide L. Gilbert, pers. comm. (2002)) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (common cause of hay fever fide Dict Gard) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide State Noxweed Seed; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.