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Taxon:  Allium sativum L.



Summary
Genus:
Allium
Subgenus:
Allium
Section:
Allium
Family:
Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:
Allioideae
Tribe:
Allieae
Nomen number:
2368
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:296. 1753
Verified:
01/12/2007 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
37 (37  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Allium sativum L. var. ophioscorodon (Link) Doll (0 active accession[s])
Allium sativum L. var. sativum (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Balick, M. J. et al. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85. 2000
  4. Batra, L. R. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature. 1995
  5. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  6. Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:10.
  7. Cavagnaro, P. F. & C. R. Galmarini. 2007. Chapter 12. Garlic. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.). 2007 5:349-364. Note: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  8. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 Note: poisonous
  9. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  10. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  11. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  12. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  13. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Allium+sativum&quantity=1
  15. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  16. Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. 2003-
  17. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 4:2267-2269. http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  18. Hitchcock, C. L. et al. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. 1955-1969
  19. Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:354. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  20. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  21. Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459. http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/evolutionary+%26+developmental+biology/journal/10531
  22. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  23. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 1985 Note: poisonous
  24. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  25. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  26. Maaß, H. I. & M. Klaas. 1995. Infraspecific differentiation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by isozyme and RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91:89-97. Note: recognizes four major groups, one of which includes A. longicuspis
  27. Mansfeld, R. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. 1959
  28. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  29. Messiaen, C.-M. et al. 1993. Les Allium alimentaires reproduits par voie végétative. 1-230.
  30. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:76
  31. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  32. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  33. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  34. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 8:77-80. http://proseanet.org
  35. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
  36. Stearn, W. T. 1944. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
  37. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  38. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  39. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
garlic –
Arabic
thoum –
French
ail –
German
Knoblauch –
Japanese Rōmaji
ninniku –
Portuguese
alho –
Spanish
ajo –
Swedish
vitlök –
Transcribed Chinese
suan –
Transcribed Korean
maneul –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    also cult. elsewhere
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndochina  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPapua New Guinea  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
2CultivatedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaVictoria 
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeUkraine  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaCentral America  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
6Other    possible origin c. Asia
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
  • INDO-CHINA: Indochina, Thailand
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Victoria]
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Greece, Italy, Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • MESOAMERICA: Central America
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador
Other (possible origin c. Asia)
Economic Uses
Medicines
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Lampe & McCann; Cooper & Johnson ed2) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.