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Taxon:  Medicago polymorpha L.



Summary
Genus:
Medicago
Section:
Spirocarpos
Subsection:
Leptospireae
Family:
Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Trifolieae
Nomen number:
23645
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:779. 1753
Comment:
since M. polymorpha L. did not have a holotype or syntypes, all 13 varietal names of Linnaeus are validly published fide Melbourne ICN Art. 26, Ex. 4
Verified:
06/09/1987 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
295 (295  active, 29  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Medicago polymorpha L. var. brevispina (Benth.) Heyn (3 active accession[s])
Medicago polymorpha L. var. denticulata (Willd.) Kerguelen (0 active accession[s])
Medicago polymorpha L. var. polymorpha (207 active accession[s])
Medicago polymorpha var. iraqi (1 active accession[s])
Medicago polymorpha var. vulgaris (91 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Medicago hispida Gaertn.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
  3. Batra, L. R. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature. 1995
  4. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
  5. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  6. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
  7. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 Note: poisonous
  8. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  9. Duke, J. A. Handbook of legumes of world economic importance. 1981
  10. Eriksson, O. et al. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2. 1979
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Medicago+polymorpha&quantity=1
  12. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  13. Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
  14. Greuter, W. et al., eds. International code of botanical nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). 2000 Art. 26.2, Ex. 4. http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0000St.Luistitle.htm
  15. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  16. Heyn, C. C. 1963. The annual species of Medicago. Scripta Hierosolymitana 12:71.
  17. Hickman, J. C., ed. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. 1993
  18. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  19. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  20. Huang, S. F. & T. C. Huang. Taxonomic treatment of the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Taiwan. Taiwania 32:11-117. 1987
  21. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  22. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  23. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  24. Isely, D. Native and naturalized Leguminosae (Fabaceae) of the United States (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii). 1998
  25. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  26. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  27. Kellerman, T. S. et al. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. 1988 Note: poisonous
  28. Kumar, S & P. V. Sane. Legumes of South Asia: a checklist. 2003
  29. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  30. Lesins, K. A. & I. Lesins. 1979. Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study. 1979 196.
  31. Lock, J. M. & J. Heald. Legumes of Indochina: a checklist. 1994
  32. Lock, J. M. & K. Simpson. Legumes of West Asia: a checklist. 1991
  33. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  34. McVaugh, R. Flora Novo-Galiciana. 1983-
  35. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966- Note: = M. hispida Gaertn.
  36. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  37. Norton, J. et al. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. 2009 http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
  38. Pignatti, S. Flora d'Italia. 1982
  39. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  40. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  41. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994 Note: = M. nigra
  42. Shinners, L. H. 1956. Authorship and nomenclature of bur clovers (Medicago) found wild in the United States. Rhodora 58:5.
  43. Silva, L. et al. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005 http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
  44. Small, E. & M. Jomphe. 1989. A synopsis of the genus Medicago (Leguminosae). Canad. J. Bot. 67:3272.
  45. Small, E. et al. 1981. The taxonomic value of floral characters in tribe Trigonelleae (Leguminosae), with special reference to Medicago. Canad. J. Bot. 59:1580.
  46. Small, E. 1981. A numerical analysis of major groupings in Medicago employing traditionally used characters. Canad. J. Bot. 59:1555. Note: nom. ambig.?
  47. Smythies, B. E. Flora of Spain and the Balearic Islands: checklist of vascular plants. Englera 3:1-882. 1984-1986
  48. Stace, C. New flora of the British Isles. 1995
  49. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976 Note: = M. hispida Gaertn.
  50. Täckholm, V. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2. 1974
  51. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966-
  52. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  53. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  54. University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
  55. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/fabaceae/medicago-polymorpha/fichas/pagina1.htm
  56. Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
  57. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  58. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
Common names
English
bur medic –
bur trefoil –
California bur-clover –
hairy medic –
rough medic –
toothed bur-clover –
toothed medic –
toothed medick –
trefoil-clover –
Arabic
nafal –
French
luzerne hérissée –
German
rauher Schneckenklee –
Italian
medica ispida –
Japanese Rōmaji
uma-goyashi –
Spanish
carretón de amores –
trébol de carretilla –
Swedish
tagglusern –
Transcribed Chinese
nan mu xu –
Transcribed Korean
gaejari –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaQatar  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaUnited Arab Emirates  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    also cult.
3AdventiveNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil s.
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina e.-c.
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Yemen
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Germany
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Adventive
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Vietnam
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Europe
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Belgium, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Netherlands
Northern America
  • REGION: United States
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil (s.)
  • MESOAMERICA: Costa Rica, Guatemala
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (e.-c.), Chile, Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador, Peru
Economic Uses
Animal food
Environmental
soil improver (green manure fide Crops US; Cover Crop Database) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury, as M. hispida; Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson ed2) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Can J Bot 67:3272. 1989) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

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