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Taxon:  Lolium multiflorum Lam.



Summary
Genus:
Lolium
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Pooideae
Tribe:
Poeae
Subtribe:
Loliinae
Nomen number:
22493
Place of publication:
Fl. franç. 3:621. 1779 ("1778")
Verified:
05/08/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
13 (13  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Homotypic Synonym(s)
Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Lolium gaudinii Parl., nom. inval.
Lolium italicum A. Braun, nom. inval.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Lolium_multiflorum/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
  4. Bor, N. L. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. 1960
  5. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt checklist. 1995
  6. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  7. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants in Britain and their effects on animals and man. 1984 Note: poisonous
  8. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  9. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Lolium+multiflorum&quantity=1
  11. Henderson, L. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. 2001
  12. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  13. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  14. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  15. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  16. Kellerman, T. S. et al. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. 1988 Note: poisonous
  17. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  18. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  19. Oliveira, J. A. et al. 1997. Genetic diversity of westerwold ryegrass landraces collected in northwest Spain. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:479-487. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
  20. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  21. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  22. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  23. Silva, L. et al. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005 http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
  24. Terrell, E. E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1392:10.
  25. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  26. Tzvelev, N. N. Zlaki SSSR. 1976
  27. University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
  28. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/poaceae/lolium-multiflorum/fichas/pagina1.htm
  29. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  30. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
Common names
English
annual ryegrass –
Italian ryegrass –
lovitto ryegrass –
Westerwold ryegrass –
Westerwolds ryegrass –
Afrikaans
Italiaanse raaigras –
French
ivraie multiflore –
ray-grass d'Italie –
German
italienisches Raygras –
welsches Weidelgras –
westerwoldisches Weidelgras –
Italian
loglio italico –
Portuguese
azevém –
Spanish
ballico italiano –
raygrás italiano –
Swedish
italienskt rajgräs –
Transcribed Chinese
duo hua hei mai cao –
Distribution
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Belarus, Ukraine
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Hungary, Slovakia
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized (widely natzd. in temperate regions)
Other (exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
Animal food
Environmental
erosion control (fide Grass VarUSA) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kellerman et al.; Cooper & Johnson) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Weed CIBA) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.