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Taxon:  Ilex aquifolium L.



Summary
Genus:
Ilex
Family:
Aquifoliaceae
Nomen number:
19666
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:125. 1753
Comment:
the specific epithet is a noun in apposition, derived from a pre-Linnaean generic name, and retains its own gender and termination irrespective of the gender of the generic name (Melbourne ICN Art. 23.5)
Verified:
11/06/1985 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Ilex aquifolium L. f. bacciflava (Weston) Rehder
Ilex aquifolium L. f. ferox (Aiton) C. K. Schneid.
Ilex aquifolium L. f. heterophylla (Aiton) Loes.
Ilex aquifolium L. f. integrifolia Nolte ex Loes.
Ilex aquifolium L. f. pendula (Loudon) Schelle
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
  3. Campbell, F. T., ed. Report of National Coalition of Exotic Plant Pest Councils. 1995 (unpublished draft)
  4. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 Note: poisonous
  5. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  6. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  7. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  8. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  9. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Ilex+aquifolium&quantity=1
  11. Galle, F. C. Hollies. The genus Ilex. 1997 Note: Timber Press, Portland, Oregon
  12. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  13. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  14. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  15. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994
  16. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  17. Krüssmann, G. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976). 1984
  18. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 1985 Note: poisonous
  19. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  20. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  21. Mabberley, D. J. Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, third edition. 2008 428. Note: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  22. Meyer, F. G. et al. A catalog of cultivated woody plants of the southeastern United States. 1994
  23. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  24. Rehder, A. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs. 1949
  25. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  26. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
Common names
English
English holly –
holly –
French
houx commun –
German
gewöhnliche Stechpalme –
Hülse –
Swedish
järnek –
Distribution
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • REGION: United States (w.)
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Economic Uses
Environmental
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2) –
Social
religious/secular (a decorative plant during the December holidays fide Masbberleys Pl Book) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2; Lampe & McCann) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Rep NCEPPC; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

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Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

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