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Taxon:  Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare



Summary
Genus:
Hordeum
Subgenus:
Hordeum
Section:
Hordeum
Family:
Poaceae (alt. Gramineae)
Subfamily:
Pooideae
Tribe:
Triticeae
Nomen number:
19333
Verified:
05/29/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4163 (4163  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Hordeum vulgare L. (117 active accession[s])
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. intermedium Korn., nom. nud.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Hordeum vulgare L. var. vulgare

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Hordeum agriocrithon A. E. Aberg
Hordeum agriocrithon A. E. Aberg var. dawoense A. E. Aberg
Hordeum coeleste Viborg ex Kunth var. trifurcatum Schltdl.
Hordeum deficiens Steud. ex A. Braun
Hordeum deficiens Steud. ex A. Braun var. nudideficians (Korn.) H. V. Harlan
Hordeum deficiens Steud. ex A. Braun var. steudelii (Korn.) H. V. Harlan
Hordeum deficiens Steud. ex A. Braun var. tridax (Korn.) H. V. Harlan
Hordeum distichon L.
Hordeum distichon L. var. abyssinicum Ser.
Hordeum distichon L. var. erectum Schubl.
Hordeum distichon L. var. ianthinum Korn.
Hordeum distichon L. var. nigricans Ser.
Hordeum distichon L. var. nudum L.
Hordeum distichon L. var. nutans Schubl.
Hordeum distichon L. var. nudideficiens Korn.
Hordeum distichon L. var. palmella H. V. Harlan
Hordeum distichon L. var. persicum Korn.
Hordeum distichon L. var. tridax Korn.
Hordeum hexastichon L.
Hordeum intermedium (Korn.) Carleton
Hordeum intermedium (Korn.) Carleton var. cornutum (Schrad.) H. V. Harlan
Hordeum intermedium (Korn.) Carleton var. haxtonii Korn.
Hordeum intermedium (Korn.) Carleton var. mortonii Korn.
Hordeum intermedium (Korn.) Carleton var. nudihaxtonii Korn.
Hordeum polystichon Haller f.
Hordeum polystichum var. trifurcatum (Schltdl.) Asch. & Graebn.
Hordeum tetrastichum Stokes
Hordeum tetrastichum Stokes var. aethiops ined.?
Hordeum vulgare L. var. aethiops Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. afghanicum Vavilov ex N. A. Ivanova
Hordeum vulgare L. var. coeleste L.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. coerulescens Ser.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. cornutum Schrad.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. deficiens (Steud. ex A. Braun) Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. duplinigrum Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. himalayense (Schult.) Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. horsfordianum Wittm. ex H. V. Harlan
Hordeum vulgare L. var. leiorrhynchum Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. nigricans (Ser.) Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. nigrum (Willd.) Peterm.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. pallidum Ser.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. steudelii Korn.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. tetrastichon Celak.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. trifurcatum (Schltdl.) Alef.
Hordeum vulgare L. var. violaceum Korn., nom. nud.
Hordeum zeocriton L.
Hordeum aegiceras Nees ex Royle
Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Spenn.
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. deficiens (Steud. ex A. Braun) A. Love
Hordeum sativum Jess.
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. interjectum Flaksb.
Hordeum irregulare A. E. Aberg & Wiebe
Hordeum pyramidatum R. E. Regel
Hordeum vulgare L. var. rikotense R. E. Regel
Hordeum vulgare L. var. distichon (L.) Hook. f.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Bothmer, R. von & N. Jacobsen. 1985. Origin, taxonomy, and related species. In D. C. Rasmusson, ed., Barley. Agronomy 26:29.
  2. Englert, J. M. et al. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators. 1999-
  3. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  4. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  5. Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964
  6. Koyama, T. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions. 1987
  7. Löve, Á. 1984. Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repert. 95:435. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291522-239Xb/issues
  8. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  9. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  10. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  11. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  12. Rehm, S. & G. Espig. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991
  13. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  14. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  15. Tzvelev, N. N. Zlaki SSSR. 1976
  16. University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/ccrop/
  17. USDA Agricultural Research Service: Sustainable Biofuel and Co-products Research Unit. 2010. Economic competitiveness of renewable fuelds derived from grains and related biomass. Note: re. potential use as fuel substitute
  18. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
barley –
French
orge –
orge vulgaire –
German
Gerste –
Saatgerste –
Italian
orzo –
Japanese Rōmaji
ō-mugi –
Portuguese
cevada –
Spanish
cebada –
Transcribed Chinese
da mai –
Transliterated Greek
krithe –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria n.
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
2CultivatedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaBahrain  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBhutan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar c.
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesiaJavae.
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeUkraine  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeIceland  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaEl Salvador  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaGuatemala  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaHonduras  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaBolivia  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Cultivated
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Mauritania, Nigeria (n.)
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Zaire
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar (c.), Thailand
  • MALESIA: Indonesia [Java (e.)]
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Moldova, Ukraine
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • MESOAMERICA: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
Economic Uses
Animal food
Environmental
soil improver (fide Cover Crop Database) –
Fuels
potential as petroleum substitute/alcohol (fide http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=409037,) –
Human food
beverage base (fide Agron. Mon. 29. 1985) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (to livestock when infected with certain fungi, fide Kingsbury) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.