Taxon:
Hedera helix L. subsp. helix
Summary
Verified:
09/29/1997
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Ackerfield, J. 2001. Trichome morphology in Hedera (Araliaceae). Edinburgh J. Bot. 58:259-267.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
- Conant, P. et al. 1997. Appendix. Selected plant species interfering with resource management goals in North American natural areas. Assessment and management of plant invasions. 1997 255-267.
- Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
- Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
- Henderson, L. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. 2001
- Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
- Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
- Lawrence, G. H. M. & A. E. Schulze. 1942. The cultivated Hederas. Gentes Herbarum 6:131-168.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
- Rehder, A. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs. 1949
- Stace, C. New flora of the British Isles. 1995
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
Common names
English
common ivy – English ivy – Afrikaans
Engelse hedera – French
lierre grimpant – German
gewöhnlicher Efeu – Swedish
murgröna –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | n. |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | ****** | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Cyprus | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Belarus | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Latvia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Lithuania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Moldova | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Ukraine | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czechoslovakia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Ireland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Former Yugoslavia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | incl. Crete |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sardinia, Sicily |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | incl. Baleares |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | widely cult. |
Native
Africa
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia (n.), Georgia
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, ******, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe
-
EAST EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated
(widely cult.)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Medicines
folklore (fide Herbs Commerce ed2; CRC MedHerbs ed2) – Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury; Lampe & McCann; Cooper & Johnson ed2) –