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Taxon:  Echium plantagineum L.



Summary
Genus:
Echium
Family:
Boraginaceae
Subfamily:
Boraginoideae
Nomen number:
14875
Place of publication:
Mant. pl. 2:202. 1771
Verified:
03/31/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Echium lycopsis auct.
Echium violaceum auct.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (UK). 2010. Refined Echium oil. Note: re. potential use as oil/fat
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
  4. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  5. Bennett, M. Pulmonarias and the Borage family. 2003 107.
  6. Bramwell, D. 1972. A revision of the genus Echium in Macaronesia. Lagascalia 2:64. http://www.publius.us.es/node/41
  7. Cufodontis, G. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. 1953-1972
  8. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  9. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  10. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  11. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  12. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  13. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
  14. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  15. Henderson, L. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. 2001
  16. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  17. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  18. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  19. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  20. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  21. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  22. Kartesz, J. T. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2011 http://www.bonap.org/MapSwitchboard.html
  23. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  24. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  25. Lems, K. Floristic botany of the Canary islands. 1960
  26. Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. A California flora. 1959
  27. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  28. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  29. Pignatti, S. Flora d'Italia. 1982
  30. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. 1962-1963
  31. Retief, E. & A. E. Van Wyk. 1998. The genus Echium in southern Africa. Bothalia 28:174.
  32. Silva, L. et al. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005 http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
  33. Stace, C. New flora of the British Isles. 1995
  34. Täckholm, V. Students' flora of Egypt, ed. 2. 1974
  35. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  36. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  37. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
Common names
English
blue echium –
blueweed –
Lady Campbell-weed –
Paterson's-curse –
purple echium –
purple viper's-bugloss –
purple-bugloss –
Riverina bluebell –
Salvation Jane –
viper's-bugloss –
Afrikaans
bloudissel –
pers-echium –
French
vipérine faux-plantain –
German
wegerichblättriger Natternkopf –
Spanish
sonaja –
Swedish
blå snokört –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraineKrym 
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    also cult.
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt, Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Georgia
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Ukraine [Krym]
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Germany
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated (also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Lesotho, South Africa
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Ontario]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Oregon]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Manitoba]
Southern America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
Economic Uses
Bee plants
Environmental
ornamental (fide Dict Gard; F Pak; Invasive Pl Spec) –
Human food
potential as oil/fat (fide http://www.acnfp.gov.uk/assess/fullapplics/refechiumoil,) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2, as E. lycopsis; Everist, as E. lycopsis; Kingsbury, as E. lycopsis; Lampe & McCann, as E. lycopsis) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Noxweed Aust; Pulmonaria 107.; Invasive Pl Spec; Weeds SAfr 2001) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.