Taxon:
Cyperus esculentus L.
Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:45. 1753
Verified:
12/10/2009
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
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- based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
- http://www.skud.info
- Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
- Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt checklist. 1995
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
- Burkill, H. M. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. 1985-2004
- CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
- Correa, J. E. & H. Y. Bernal. 1991. Especies vegetales promisorias de los paises del Convenio Andres Bello. 1989-1998 6:310-337.
- Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. 1982
- Davidse, G. et al., eds. Flora mesoamericana. 1994
- Duke, J. A. Handbook of Nuts. CRC Press. 1989
- Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
- Flach, M. & F. Rumawas, eds. 1996. Plants yielding non-seed carbohydrates. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 9:78-82. http://proseanet.org
- FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Cyperus+esculentus&quantity=1
- Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. Flora of Victoria. 1993-
- Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
- Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
- Govaerts, R. & D. A. Simpson. World checklist of Cyperaceae, sedges. 2007 http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do
- Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
- Haines, R. W. & K. A. Lye. Sedges and rushes of East Africa. 1983
- Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
- Harden, G. J., ed. Flora of New South Wales. 1990-1993
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
- Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
- Howard, R. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 1974-1989
- Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
- Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
- Migahid, A. M. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3. 1988-1990
- Molina G., A. M. 2011. Review of Cyperaceae data for World Economic Plants, ed. 2. pers. comm. via e-mail on 31 Mar.
- Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:95.
- Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. A California flora. 1959
- Pascual, B. et al. 2001. Chufa ( L. var. sativus Boeck.): an unconventional crop. Econ. Bot. 54:439-448. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
- Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
- Rosengarten, F. The book of edible nuts. 1984
- Schippers, P. et al. 1995. A revision of the infraspecific taxonomy of Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) with an experimentally evaluated character set. Syst. Bot. 20:461-481. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
- Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
- Simpson, D. A. & C. A. Inglis. 2001. Cyperaceae of economic, ethnobotanical and horticultural importance: a checklist. Kew Bull. 56:292-293.
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
- Stanley, T. D. & E. M. Ross. Flora of south-eastern Queensland. 1983-1989
- Steenis, C. G. G. J. van, ed. Flora malesiana. 1948-
- Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. 1995- Note: Missouri Botanical Garden & Timber Press
- Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
- Tucker, G. C. 1994. Revision of the Mexican species of Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43:97. http://herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/SBMweb/index.html
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
- Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/cyperaceae/cyperus-esculentus/fichas/pagina1.htm
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
- Webster's third new international dictionary. 1961
Common names
English
earth-almond – tigernut – water-grass – yellow nut sedge – yellow nut-grass – French
amande de terre – choufa – souchet comestible – German
Erdmandel – Portuguese
chufa – Portuguese (Brazil)
tiririca – tiririca-amarela – tiririca-mansa – Spanish
cebollín – chufa – juncia avellanada – Swedish
jordmandel – Transcribed Korean
gireumgol –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | | |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Cabo Verde | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Azores | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Madeira Islands | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Spain | Canary Islands | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Eritrea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Somalia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Libya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Angola | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Botswana | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Eswatini | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Lesotho | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Namibia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Eastern Cape | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Free State | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Gauteng | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Limpopo | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Mpumalanga | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | North West | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Northern Cape | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Western Cape | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Benin | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Burkina Faso | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Côte D'Ivoire | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Gambia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Ghana | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea-Bissau | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Liberia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Niger | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Nigeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Senegal | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Sierra Leone | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Togo | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Burundi | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Cameroon | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Central African Republic | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Congo | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Equatorial Guinea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Gabon | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Rwanda | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Zaire | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Comoros | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Madagascar | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Mauritius | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Vietnam | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Indonesia | Java | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | incl. Crete |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sicily |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | New Brunswick | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Quebec | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Iowa | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Kansas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Nebraska | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | North Dakota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Baja Norte | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Chihuahua | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Coahuila | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Durango | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Sinaloa | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Sonora | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Tamaulipas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Zacatecas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Idaho | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Arkansas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Delaware | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | District of Columbia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Mississippi | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Tennessee | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Aguascalientes | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Campeche | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Chiapas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Colima | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Federal District | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Guanajuato | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Guerrero | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Hidalgo | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Jalisco | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Mexico | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Michoacan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Morelos | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Nayarit | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Oaxaca | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Puebla | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Queretaro | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Quintana Roo | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Tabasco | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Tlaxcala | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Veracruz | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Yucatan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Nevada | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Utah | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | British Columbia | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Brazil | Brazil | | s. |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Aruba | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Bermuda | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Cuba | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Jamaica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Martinique | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Netherlands Antilles | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Puerto Rico | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Trinidad and Tobago | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Belize | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Costa Rica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Panama | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Venezuela | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Paraguay | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Uruguay | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Bolivia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Colombia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
4 | Naturalized | Africa | Middle Atlantic Ocean | St. Helena | | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Shandong | |
4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Taiwan | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | New South Wales | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Queensland | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
4 | Naturalized | Europe | East Europe | Ukraine | | |
4 | Naturalized | Pacific | North-Central Pacific | United States | Hawaii | |
Native
Africa
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
-
MACARONESIA:
Cabo Verde, Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Chad
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Egypt, Libya
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Western Cape, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West]
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
-
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, Zaire
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
Yemen
-
CAUCASUS:
Azerbaijan
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India, Nepal, Pakistan
-
INDO-CHINA:
Vietnam
-
MALESIA:
Indonesia [Java]
Europe
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sicily)
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
-
NORTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas, Baja Norte]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico, Texas]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia]
-
SOUTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Federal District]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [British Columbia]
Southern America
-
BRAZIL:
Brazil (s.)
-
CARIBBEAN:
Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, Bermuda, Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago
-
MESOAMERICA:
Belize, Costa Rica, Panama
-
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Venezuela
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
-
MIDDLE ATLANTIC OCEAN:
St. Helena
Asia-Temperate
-
CHINA:
China [Shandong]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Taiwan
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia [New South Wales, Queensland]
-
NEW ZEALAND:
New Zealand
Europe
Pacific
-
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States [Hawaii]
Economic Uses
Animal food
Environmental
erosion control (fide F ChinaEng) – Human food
beverage base (tubers fide Food Feed Crops US) – Materials
lipids (fide F ChinaEng) – Medicines
folklore (fide Herbs Commerce ed2) – Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide F LAnt; Weed CIBA; Syst Bot 20:461. 1995) –