Taxon:
Citrus paradisi Macfad.
Summary
Place of publication:
Bot. Misc. 1:304. 1830
Comment:
- [or C. aurantium Grapefruit Group
- probably C. sinensis × C. maxima]
Verified:
10/30/1990
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976- Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Cantuarias-Avilés, T. et al. 2010. Tree performance and fruit yield and quality of 'Okitsu' Satsuma mandarin grafted on 12 rootstocks. Sci. Hort. 123:318-322. Note: this study tested two graft stock hybrids derived from Citrus paradisi, from crosses with Poncirus trifoliata ('Swingle citrumelo') and with C. tangerina ('Orlando tangelo'), both of which performed poorly
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959- Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988 Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Citrus-citrus.pdf
- Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Facciola, S. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Federici, C. T. et al. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related genera as revealed by RFLP and RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:812-822. Note: this study examined 45 species of Citrus, estimating their heterozygosity for identifying those of hybrid origin; it included three samples of C. paradisi; these grouped in the major mandarin cluster together with C. clementina, C. reticulata, C. sinensis and others
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Citrus+paradisi&quantity=1
- Froelicher, Y. et al. 2011. New universal mitochondrial PCR markers reveal new information on maternal citrus phylogeny. Tree Genet. Genomes 7:49-61. http://www.springerlink.com/content/112958/
- Garcia-Lor, A. et al. 2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1-19. Note: this study found support for the hybrid origin of Citrus paradisii involving C. maxima and C. sinensis
- Gmitter, F. G. et al. 2009. Citrus breeding. Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species. 2009 105-134.
- Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
- Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. Edible Horticultural Crops. 1982 Note: Academic Press
- Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
- Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964
- Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 1996 286. Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Li, X. et al. 2010. The origin of cultivated Citrus as inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and chloroplast DNA sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprints. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135:341-350.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:171. Note: = C. aurantium Grapefruit Group
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970- Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Nicolosi, E. et al. 2000. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1155-1166. Note: this study examined affinities among 34 species of Citrus using RAPD, SCAR, and cpDNA analysis; C. paradisi was represented by grapefruit cultivar 'Duncan'
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Rehm, S. & G. Espig. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991 Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
- Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
- Scora, R. W. et al. 1982. Contribution to the origin of the grapefruit, Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae). Syst. Bot. 7:170-177. Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Smith, A. C. Flora vitiensis nova. 1979-1991 Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Soukup, J. Vocabulario de los nombres vulgares de la flora peruana. 1970 84.
- Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. 1967 Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. Revisio Aurantiacearum. 1928-1961 9:118. Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966- Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952- Note: lists as C. paradisi Macfad.
- Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 2:133. Note: lists as C. ×paradisi Macfad.
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- Note: = C. ×aurantium L.
Common names
English
grapefruit – French
pomelo – German
Grapefruit – Paradisapfel – Portuguese
pomelo – Spanish
pomelo – toronja – Transcribed Chinese
yuan you –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | widely cult. in tropics & subtropics |
Cultivated
(widely cult. in tropics & subtropics)
Economic Uses
Food additives
Human food
beverage base (fide CultTropS) – Materials
essential oils (used in perfumery fide Ency CNatIn) – Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) – Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury) –