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Taxon:
Citrus medica
L.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:
10745
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:782. 1753
Typification:
View in Linnean Typification Project
Verified:
11/06/1985
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Citrus medica
L. var.
ethrog
Engl.
(0 active accession[s])
Citrus medica
L. var.
medica
(0 active accession[s])
Citrus medica
L. var.
sarcodactylis
(Hoola van Nooten) Swingle
(0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson.
Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009
Note:
based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
http://www.skud.info
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds.
Flora of Libya. 1976-
Bayer, R. J. et al.
2009. A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 96:668-685.
Note:
"native to India"
Davis, P. H., ed.
Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
Elevitch, C. R., ed.
The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource).
Note:
http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Citrus-citrus.pdf
Encke, F. et al.
Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
Encke, F. et al.
Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
Facciola, S.
Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990
Note:
Kampong Publications
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Note:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Citrus+medica&quantity=1
Froelicher, Y. et al.
2011. New universal mitochondrial PCR markers reveal new information on maternal citrus phylogeny. Tree Genet. Genomes 7:49-61.
Note:
this study examined the origin of cultivated citrus; it included a sample of
Citrus medica
; it obtained seven mitotypes, one of which only included
C. medica
; it supported the interpretation of its role as paternal ancestor of "lemon, 'rough' lemon, 'Mexican' lime, 'Volkamer' lemon, 'Rangpur' line, 'Bergamot', and 'Palestine' lime"
Garcia-Lor, A. et al.
2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1-19.
http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year
Gmitter, F. G. et al.
2007.
Citrus
fruits. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.). 2007 14:265-279.
Note:
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Hanelt, P., ed.
Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Li, X. et al.
2010. The origin of cultivated
Citrus
as inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and chloroplast DNA sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprints. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135:341-350.
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
Hortus third. 1976
Long, R. W. & O. Lakela.
A flora of tropical Florida. 1971
Luro, F. et al.
2011. Analysis of genetic diversity in
Citrus
. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 9:218-221.
Note:
this study recognized
Citrus medica
as one of the ancestral species of citrus cultivars, and confirmed by primary metabolic compounds; it also provided additional support for linking
C. medica
to the origin of "lemon, lemon hybrids, limes and combayas"
Mabberley, D. J.
1997. A classification for edible
Citrus
(Rutaceae). Telopea 7:169.
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/telopea/
Macbride, J. F. et al., eds.
Flora of Peru. 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
Matthew, K. M.
The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic. 1983
Note:
"occurs truly wild"
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
Note:
American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
Nicolosi, E. et al.
2000.
Citrus
phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1155-1166.
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Penjor, T. et al.
2013. Phylogenetic relationships of
Citrus
and its relatives based on
matK
gene sequences. PLoS One 8(4): e62574.
Note:
this study included two samples of
Citrus medica
that clustered together, and apart from the mandarins, pummelo,
Poncirus
and
Fortunella
clades
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Rehm, S.
Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
Reichel, S.
1998. pers. comm.
Note:
re. German common names
Reitz, R., ed.
Flora ilustrada catarinense. 1965-
Scora, R. W.
1975. On the history and origin of
Citrus
. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102:369-375.
Note:
as one of the "basic" species in the genus
Soukup, J.
Vocabulario de los nombres vulgares de la flora peruana. 1970
Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece.
The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. 1967
Tanaka, T.
1954. Species problem in
Citrus
: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of
Citrus
, based upon field studies in their native homes. Revisio Aurantiacearum. 1928-1961 9:113.
Note:
Maruzen Co. Ltd, Tokyo.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest.
Flora of Iraq. 1966-
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds.
Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
Flora europaea. 1964-1980
Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds.
1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 2:131.
http://proseanet.org
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
citron –
Reference(s)
French
cédrat –
Reference(s)
cédratier –
Reference(s)
German
medischer Apfel –
Reference(s)
Zitronatzitrone –
Reference(s)
Italian
cedrato –
Reference(s)
Portuguese
cidra –
Reference(s)
cidreira –
Reference(s)
Spanish
cidro –
Reference(s)
Spanish (Peru)
toronja –
Reference(s)
Swedish
suckatcitron –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
xiang yuan –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
1
Native
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
India
2
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
China
China
2
Cultivated
Europe
Europe
6
Other
possible origin n.e. India and China
Native
Asia-Tropical
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
CHINA:
China
Europe
REGION:
Europe
Other
(possible origin n.e. India and China)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
flavoring (fide Pl Res SEAs 2:132. 1991) –
Reference(s)
Human food
fruit (fide Pl Res SEAs 2:132. 1991) –
Reference(s)
Medicines
folklore (fide Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Reference(s)
Name
References
Economic Uses