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National Genebank of Tunisia
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Taxon:
Citrus aurantium
L.
Nomenclature
Common Names
Distribution
Economic Uses
Summary
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:
10684
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:782. 1753
Comment:
[treated by some as the hybrid
C. maxima
×
C. reticulata
]
Typification:
View in Linnean Typification Project
Verified:
08/19/2011
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0
(
0
active,
0
available)
in National Plant Germplasm System.
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Citrus amara
Link
Citrus bigarradia
Loisel.
Citrus vulgaris
Risso
No images
Reference(s)
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds.
Flora of Libya. 1976-
Bayer, R. J. et al.
2009. A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 96:668-685.
Note:
=
Citrus
×
aurantium
Bhusal, R. C. et al.
2002. Selection of rootstocks for flooding and drought tolerance in citrus species. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 5:509-512.
Note:
this study examined 23 species, including a sample of
Citrus aurantium
that showed drought tolerance
Bisset, N. G., ed.
Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. A handbook for practice on a scientific basis. 1994
Note:
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (translation of German edition, by M. Wichtl, ed.)
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee.
1998. pers. comm.
Note:
re. common names
Conrad, L. R.
1998. pers. comm.
Note:
re. German common names
Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds.
Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols. 1986-1987
Davis, P. H., ed.
Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
Elevitch, C. R., ed.
The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource).
Note:
http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Citrus-citrus.pdf
Encke, F. et al.
Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
Facciola, S.
Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. 1990
Note:
Kampong Publications
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Note:
http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Citrus+aurantium&quantity=1
Forest Experimental Station, Korea.
Illustrated woody plants of Korea. 1966
Garcia-Lor, A. et al.
2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1-19.
http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year
Gmitter, F. G. et al.
2007.
Citrus
fruits. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.). 2007 14:265-279.
Note:
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Gmitter, F. G. et al.
2009.
Citrus
breeding. Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species. 2009 105-134.
Hackett, C. & J. Carolane.
Edible Horticultural Crops. 1982
Note:
Academic Press
Hanelt, P., ed.
Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001
http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
Hara, H. et al.
An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
Jena, S. N. et al.
2009. Molecular phylogeny in Indian
Citrus
L. (Rutaceae) inferred through PCR-RFLP and
trnL-trnF
sequence data of chloroplast DNA. Sci. Hort. 119:403-416.
Note:
as a hybrid
Krueger, R. R. & M. L. Roose.
2003. Use of molecular markers in the management of
Citrus
germplasm resources. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128:827-837.
Note:
this study tested the use of molecular markers for the management of mixed collections of monoembryonic and polyembryonic seed; three samples of
Citrus aurantium
were polyembryonic
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster.
Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 1996
Li, X. et al.
2010. The origin of cultivated
Citrus
as inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and chloroplast DNA sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprints. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135:341-350.
Note:
this study included two samples of
Citrus aurantium
resolved together (AFLP) or apart (nuclear and cpDNA) within a clade including pummelo
C. maxima
and mandarin
C. reticulata
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium.
Hortus third. 1976
Lombardo, G. et al.
2011. Genetic analysis of
Citrus aurantium
L. (Rutaceae) cultivars by ISSR molecular markers. Pl. Biosyst. DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2011.557101
Long, R. W. & O. Lakela.
A flora of tropical Florida. 1971
Luro, F. et al.
2011. Analysis of genetic diversity in
Citrus
. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 9:218-221.
Note:
this study based on primary metabolites and "nine genes involved in primary metabolic pathways" examined nine samples of
Citrus aurantium
; it found that their analysis did not support the "mandarin × pummelo cross", although it clustered closer to sweet orange (but see page220 for a different interpretation), a subclade sister to pummelo
Mabberley, D. J.
1997. A classification for edible
Citrus
. Telopea 7:170.
Note:
=
Citrus
×
aurantium
Macbride, J. F. et al., eds.
Flora of Peru. 1936-1971; new ser. 1980-
Markle, G. M. et al., eds.
Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker.
Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
Note:
American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
Mun-Chan, B. et al.
1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:91.
Nicolosi, E. et al.
2000.
Citrus
phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1155-1166.
http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
Nicolosi, E.
Chapter 3. Origin and taxonomy.
Citrus
genetics, breeding and biotechnology. CABI. 2007 19-43.
Ollitrault, P. et al.
2012. SNP mining in
C. clementina
BAC end sequences; transferability in the
Citrus
genus (Rutaceae), phylogenetic inferences and perspectives for genetic mapping. B. M. C. Genomics 13:13.
Note:
this study examined the usefulness of SNP markers derived from
Citrus clementina
for understanding the "origin of some secondary species and important cultivars"; it confirmed the hybrid origin of
C. aurantium
, with its genome derived mostly from
C. reticulata
Oyen, L. P. A. & Nguyen Xuan Dung, eds.
1999. Essential-oil plants. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). 1989- 19:78-82.
http://proseanet.org
Penjor, T. et al.
2013. Phylogenetic relationships of
Citrus
and its relatives based on
matK
gene sequences. PLoS One 8(4): e62574.
Note:
this study included one sample of
Citrus aurantium
that clustered within the pummelo clade
Polat, I. et al.
2012. Molecular characterization of sour orange (
Citrus aurantium
) accessions and their relatives using SSR and SRAP markers. Genet. Molec. Res. 11:3267-3276.
http://www.funpecrp.com.br/gmr2008b/index.asp
Porcher, M. H. et al.
Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
Rehm, S. & G. Espig.
The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991
Rehm, S.
Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
Smith, A. C.
Flora vitiensis nova. 1979-1991
Snoussi, H. et al.
2012. Assessment of the genetic diversity of the Tunisian citrus rootstock germplasm. B. M. C. Genet. 13:16.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcgenetics/
Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece.
The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. 1967
Tanaka, T.
1954. Species problem in
Citrus
: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of
Citrus
, based upon field studies in their native homes. Revisio Aurantiacearum. 1928-1961 9:123.
Note:
Maruzen Co. Ltd, Tokyo.
Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest.
Flora of Iraq. 1966-
Turrill, W. B. et al., eds.
Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds.
Flora europaea. 1964-1980
Uphof, J. C. T.
Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2. 1968
Walker, E.
Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. 1976
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds.
Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Yildirim, B. et al.
2010. Fruit yield and quality of Santa Teresa lemon on seven rootstocks in Adana (Turkey). African J. Agric. Res. 5:1077-1081.
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR/index.htm
Common names
English
bigarade –
Reference(s)
bitter orange –
Reference(s)
Seville orange –
Reference(s)
sour orange –
Reference(s)
French
bigaradier –
Reference(s)
oranger amer –
Reference(s)
German
Bitterorangen –
Reference(s)
Pomeranze –
Reference(s)
India
khatta –
Reference(s)
Israel
khushkhash –
Reference(s)
Italian
arancio –
Reference(s)
arancio amaro –
Reference(s)
melangolo –
Reference(s)
Japanese Rōmaji
daidai –
Reference(s)
kaisei-tō –
Reference(s)
Portuguese
laranja-azeda –
Reference(s)
Spanish
naranja agria –
Reference(s)
naranja amarga –
Reference(s)
naranja mateca –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Chinese
suan cheng –
Reference(s)
Transcribed Korean
gwanggyulnamu –
Reference(s)
Distribution
Exportable format
order_code
Status
Continent
Subcontinent
Country
State
Note
2
Cultivated
widely cult. in tropics & subtropics
6
Other
probable multiple hybrid origin China & elsewhere
Cultivated
(widely cult. in tropics & subtropics)
Other
(probable multiple hybrid origin China & elsewhere)
Economic Uses
Environmental
Food additives
flavoring (fide CultTropS; Ency CNatIn) –
Reference(s)
Human food
beverage base (fide Dict Econ Pl) –
Reference(s)
Materials
essential oils (source of neroli oil & petitgrain fide Ency CNatIn) –
Reference(s)
Medicines
folklore (fide Ency CNatIn; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Reference(s)
Name
References
Economic Uses