Taxon:
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.
Summary
Place of publication:
Linnaea 12:414. 1838
Verified:
05/10/1995
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
- based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
- http://www.skud.info
- Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
- CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
- Dane, F. & P. Lang. 2004. Sequence variation at cpDNA regions of watermelon and related wild species: implications for the evolution of Citrullus haplotypes. Amer. J. Bot. 91:1922-1929. http://www.amjbot.org
- Dane, F. et al. 2007. Phylogeography of the bitter apple, Citrullus colocynthis. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 54:327-336. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
- Decker-Walters, D. S. 1999. Cucurbit, Sanskrit, and the Indo-Aryas. Econ. Bot. 53:102. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/12231
- Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
- Duke, J. A. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 1985
- Erhardt, W. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage. 2002
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Citrullus+colocynthis&quantity=1
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
- Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
- Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
- Kirkbride, J. H., Jr. Biosystematic monograph of the genus Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae). 1993 Note: mentions
- Levi, A. et al. 2001. Genetic diversity among watermelon (Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus colocynthis) accessions. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 48:559-566. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
- Levi, A. et al. 2002. A genetic linkage map for watermelon derived from a testcross population: (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides × C. lanatus var. lanatus. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:555-563. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
- Levi, A. et al. 2005. Analysis based on RAPD and ISSR markers reveals closer similarities among Citrullus and Cucumis species than with Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 52:465-472. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
- Migahid, A. M. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3. 1988-1990
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
- Navot, N. et al. 1990. Linkage relationships of genes affecting bitterness and flesh color in watermelon. J. Heredity 81:162-165. Note: this study examined plants derived from crosses between a cultivar of Citrullus lanatus × C. colocynthis and parents, and selfed pollinated plants derived from crosses between C. colocynthis × C. ecirrhosus
- Nesom, G. L. 2011. New state records for Citrullus, Cucumis, and Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) outside of cultivation in the USA. Phytoneuron 2011-1:1-7. Note: naturalized in California
- Norton, J. et al. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. 2009 http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
- Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
- Reddy, U. K. et al. 2013. Cytomolecular characterization of rDNA distribution in various Citrullus species using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-013-9976-1. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10722
- Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
- Renner, S. S. & A. K. Pandey. 2013. The Cucurbitaceae of India: accepted names, synonyms, geographic distribution, and information on images and DNA sequences. PhytoKeys 20:62. http://www.pensoft.net/journals/phytokeys
- The Hebew University of Jerusalem. Flora of Israel Online (on-line resource). http://flora.huji.ac.il/browse.asp?lang=en
- Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966-
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
- Wickens, G. E. et al., eds. New crops for food and industry. 1989 147.
- Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
- Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
Common names
English
bitter-apple – bitter-cucumber – colocynth – vine-of-Sodom – wild gourd – Arabic
handhal – French
coloquinte – German
Bitter-Melone – Koloquinte – India
tumba – Portuguese
colocíntida – Spanish
alhandal – coloquíntida – Swedish
kolokvint –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Somalia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Yemen | Socotra | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Libya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mali | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Kuwait | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Saudi Arabia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | ****** | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Cyprus | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Egypt | Sinai | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Jordan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | s. |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Andhra Pradesh | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Assam | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Bihar | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Delhi | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Goa | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Gujarat | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Karnataka | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Maharashtra | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Punjab | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Rajasthan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Tamil Nadu | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Uttar Pradesh | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indo-China | Myanmar | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | Sicily | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
2 | Cultivated | | | | | widely cult. in s.w. Asia and n. Africa |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | | |
Native
Africa
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Ethiopia, Somalia, Chad, Yemen [Socotra]
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Mali
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (s.)
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India [Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Delhi, Goa], Sri Lanka, Pakistan
-
INDO-CHINA:
Myanmar
Europe
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Greece, Italy [Sicily]
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain
Cultivated
(widely cult. in s.w. Asia and n. Africa)
Naturalized
Australasia
Economic Uses
Medicines
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Use Pl WT Afr 2:571. 1985) – Weed
(fide Weed CIBA) –