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Taxon:  Cichorium intybus L.



Summary
Genus:
Cichorium
Family:
Asteraceae (alt. Compositae)
Subfamily:
Cichorioideae
Tribe:
Cichorieae
Subtribe:
Cichoriinae
Nomen number:
10543
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:813. 1753
Verified:
06/21/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
4 (4  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi
Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Cichorium_intybus/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  4. Blervacq, A. S. et al. 1995. First divisions of somatic embryogenic cells in Cichorium hybrid "474". Protoplasma 186:163?168.
  5. Cappelle, C. et al. 2007. Regeneration and molecular characterization of a male sterile interspecific somatic hybrid between Cichorium intybus and C. endivia. Pl. Sci. (Elsevier) 172:596-603.
  6. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables. 1974
  7. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998
  8. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  9. Demilly, D. et al. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7. 2001 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  10. Desprez, B. F. et al. 1994. Genetique et amelioration de la chicoree industrielle (Genetics and breeding of industrial chicory). Compt. Rend. Acad. Agric. France 80(7):47-62.
  11. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  12. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  13. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage. 1993
  14. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  15. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  16. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Cichorium+intybus&quantity=1
  17. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  18. Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
  19. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 1963
  20. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  21. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  22. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  23. Hokche, O. et al. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola. 2008
  24. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  25. Hu, S.-Y. Compositae of China. 1970 48.
  26. Huxley, A., ed. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992
  27. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  28. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  29. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  30. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  31. Jardin botanique national de Belgique. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale). 1967-
  32. John, P. 1996. Control of fructan metabolism in the Compositae. Compositae: biology and utilization. 1996 2:111-119.
  33. Kiers, A. M. et al. 2000. A search for diagnostic AFLP markers in Cichorium species with emphasis on endive and chicory cultivar groups. Genome 43:470-476.
  34. Kiers, A. M. 2000. Endive, chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic and phylogenetic study of Cichorium (Asteraceae). Gorteria supp. 5:61-65.
  35. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  36. Kunkel, G. Plants for human consumption. 1984
  37. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  38. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. 1996 161-162.
  39. Li, H. L. et al., eds. Flora of Taiwan. 1975-1979
  40. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  41. Mansfeld, R. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. 1959 Note: = C. intybus var. foliosum
  42. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  43. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  44. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  45. Radford, A. E. et al., eds. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. 1980-
  46. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  47. Rehm, S. & G. Espig. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics. 1991
  48. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  49. Sell, P. & G. Murrell. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. 1996-
  50. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. 1993-
  51. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
  52. Stewart, R. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir. 1972
  53. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  54. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
Belgium endive –
chicory –
coffee chicory –
French endive –
succory –
witloof –
French
chicon –
chicorée –
chicorée à café –
chicorée de Bruxelles –
chicorée sauvage –
endive –
endive witloof –
witloof –
German
Chicorée –
Fleischkraut –
Kaffeezichorie –
Salatzichorie –
Wegwarte –
Wurzelzichorie –
Italian
cicoria –
radicchio –
Spanish
achicoria de Bruselas –
achicoria de café –
achicoria de raíz –
Swedish
cikoria –
Transcribed Chinese
ju ju –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaHimachal Pradesh 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaJammu and Kashmir 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaMadhya Pradesh 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaPunjab 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeEstonia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    lesser cult. elsewhere
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
2CultivatedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
2CultivatedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
2CultivatedEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNewfoundland 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNova Scotia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuebec 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaSt. Pierre and Miquelon  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinois 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIowa 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesKansas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMissouri 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesIndiana 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesTexas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesArkansas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesNevada 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesUtah 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuelaTachira 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
6Other    exact native range obscure
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India [Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab], Pakistan
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, United Kingdom, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica)
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part]
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, United Kingdom
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy, Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, United States
Adventive
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Finland
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Morocco
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Lesotho, South Africa
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Zaire
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Taiwan
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Moldova
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Ireland, Norway
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Portugal
Northern America
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [Quebec, Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, Newfoundland], St. Pierre and Miquelon
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arkansas, North Carolina]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California, Nevada, Utah]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia]
Southern America
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela [Tachira]
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
Other (exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
Food additives
Human food
beverage base (fide Ency CNatIn) –
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Cooper & Johnson ed2) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Geigy Weed Tables. 1968) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.