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Taxon:  Tribulus terrestris L.



Summary
Genus:
Tribulus
Family:
Zygophyllaceae
Subfamily:
Tribuloideae
Nomen number:
100965
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:387. 1753
Verified:
05/20/1992 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
3 (3  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
  3. Arnold, T. H. & B. C. De Wet, eds. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa no. 62. 1993
  4. Barker, R. M. 1998. A trial key and notes on Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae) in Australia, including one new species and validation of Tribulus suberosus. Nuytsia 12:29.
  5. Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource). http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/BSBI/taxonsearch.php
  6. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  7. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  8. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960- http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
  9. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  10. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  11. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 1992 4:497.
  12. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  13. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
  14. Kellerman, T. S. et al. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. 1988
  15. Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964 Note: poisonous
  16. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  17. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  18. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  19. Merxmüller, H., ed. Prodromus einer flora von Sudwestafrika. 1966-1972
  20. Middleditch, B. S. & A. M. Amer. Kuwaiti plants: distribution, traditional medicine, phytochemistry,... economic value (Studies in Plant Science 2). 1991
  21. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:132.
  22. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  23. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  24. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. 1962-1963
  25. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  26. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  27. Robyns, W. et al., eds. Flore du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. 1948-63
  28. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
  29. Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
  30. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966-
  31. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  32. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  33. Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. Flora of Panama. 1943-1980
Common names
English
caltrop –
cat's-head –
common dubbletjie –
devil's-thorn –
devil's-weed –
goat's-head –
puncturevine –
small caltrops –
tribulus –
French
tribule terrestre –
India
gokhru –
Spanish
abrojos –
espigón –
Swedish
tiggarnöt –
Transcribed Chinese
ji li –
Transcribed Korean
namgasae –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaEswatini  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaTogo  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaZaire  
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaKuwait  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberias.e.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia n.
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean parts.
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
4Naturalized    widely natzd.
6Other    exact native range obscure
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Somalia
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia (s.e.)]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Pakistan
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia (n.)
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part (s.)], Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Hungary, Slovakia
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Romania, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Naturalized (widely natzd.)
Other (exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
Medicines
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Atlas WWeed) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.